1,720,968 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Can We Help Adolescents Improve Their Mental Health with a Healthy Diet? A Formative Study
No full textAdolescents are overrepresented in current global mental health statistics. As most mental illnesses begin in adolescence, this is likely to increase the burden of mental illness for subsequent generations. Under resourcing of mental health care provision means many adolescents do not receive appropriate care and many cases go untreated. Furthermore, mental health care operates on a deficit model, which creates a dependency paradigm and does not address the causes of poor mental health in this age-group.
Although there are multiple causes of poor mental health in adolescents, recent research has found a significant connection between poor diet and mental illness. High consumption of ultra-processed food means adolescent diets, overall, are not meeting the nutritional requirements for optimal brain function. This is causing neurological disturbances which are manifesting in mood disorders, especially anxiety and depression. There is a strong likelihood that therapeutic dietary intervention would significantly reduce the burden of mental illness in adolescents.
Eliciting dietary change in adolescents could be challenging. Current research suggests unhealthy eating is driven by impulsivity and risk-taking behaviour which is prevalent in this age-group due to their stage of neurological development. Therefore, we need to determine how dietary behaviour change could be effected in this age-group, either through current health-care providers or by motivating adolescents themselves to make autonomous dietary changes.
This thesis used two qualitative formative studies to explore possible scenarios for dietary intervention to promote adolescent mental wellbeing. The first was the potential for school guidance counsellors to incorporate therapeutic dietary intervention into their therapeutic practice; the second was for adolescents to autonomously change their dietary behaviour. The overall aim was to determine the feasibility, and the structural and delivery points of a dietary intervention in the interests of adolescent mental wellbeing. Further aims of the two studies were to understand participants’ knowledge of the relationship between diet and mental wellbeing. Additionally, they determined motivators and barriers to healthy eating and how dietary change could be effected in adolescents in the interests of mental wellbeing.
Both studies used the interpretivist theoretical framework. Data were interpreted in relation to recent cohort studies in this field.
The following themes (in bold) were constructed from the data using thematic inductive analysis:
Study 1:
Guidance counsellors’ knowledge of the relationship between diet and mental health was based on inherent beliefs and there was inconsistency between inherent beliefs and professional practice. They were unwilling to use therapeutic dietary intervention because it was not a prescribed therapeutic modality. They also believed that approaching sensitive issues, such as diet, may adversely affect their therapeutic relationships.
Guidance counsellors identified that multiple factors influenced adolescent diet. The influence of food marketing and cost were significant barriers to healthy eating. Guidance counsellors believed eating ‘bad’ food was better than no food and it was acceptable to eat everything in moderation.
A significant finding was that therapeutic dietary intervention was not within guidance counsellors' scope of practice. Lack of training and professional development meant they were not ready and lacked a remit to give such advice. Therefore, school wide approaches should be used for dietary intervention.
Overall, guidance counsellors did not have the necessary skills and knowledge to implement a therapeutic dietary intervention to improve adolescent mental wellbeing.
Study 2:
Adolescents showed they would make autonomous (autonomy) healthy dietary choices when they were empowered through knowledge about how diet could improve their mental wellbeing. Connecting negative experience to unhealthy eating steered them towards healthier eating.
Ethics and heteronomy were also the basis of autonomous choices. Adolescent rebellious tendencies could be directed towards positive dietary behaviour, provided adolescents believed it was beneficial.
Autonomous dietary behaviour change was not entirely possible, however, because they were still subject to parental influence. Dietary behaviour change depended on how willing or able parents were to support them.
The studies showed dietary intervention was a feasible therapeutic strategy for adolescents with mild to moderate mood disorders; however, delivery was not within guidance counsellors’ scope of practice, knowledge or skill base. Guidance counsellors were not the most appropriate professionals to conduct a dietary intervention. Therefore, it would be necessary to consider alternative providers, potentially outside the school setting. Although adolescents demonstrated they could be motivated to make autonomous healthy dietary choices, overcoming heteronomous barriers to healthy eating was not entirely possible without the support of parents.
Future formative research is needed to determine whether parents could support adolescent dietary change. A subsequent phase would involve conducting effective implementation research across multiple settings to determine the efficacy of a dietary intervention in assisting adolescents with mood disorders
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Insulinaemia During Pregnancy and Implications for the Dietary Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
No full textAmid the global obesity and type 2 diabetes epidemic, insulin resistance among women of child-bearing age continues to increase. Pregnancy is a natural state of insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion. When the physiological changes of pregnancy are superimposed on pre-existing insulin resistance, metabolic changes associated with pregnancy can become exaggerated. This can lead to an environment characterised by nutrient excess and inflammation, which is associated with adverse pregnancy conditions such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and foetal overgrowth. In the field of diabetes research, i.e. as a context separate from pregnancy, there has been growing interest in chronically elevated insulin, termed hyperinsulinaemia, and the role it plays in the aetiology of various cardiometabolic conditions. In this context, according to The Kraft Model of Hyperinsulinaemia, an elevated fasting and/or post-glucose load (100-gram glucose) plasma insulin response may be one of the earliest indicators for the development of type 2 diabetes later in life. While these concepts cannot be directly applied to pregnancy, it is likely that many women of child-bearing age will enter pregnancy with pre-existing insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia. As such, this may lead to further exaggerated changes in maternal metabolism (i.e. in the form of glucose, lipids, amino acids, and inflammatory markers). Moreover, since women who experience adverse pregnancy outcomes such as GDM appear to exist on a more adverse track toward later life chronic metabolic diseases, it is hypothesised that identifying hyperinsulinaemia (according to The Kraft Model) during pregnancy may aid in identifying these at-risk women sooner in pregnancy. Such early identification could provide an opportunity to enhance lifestyle management to mitigate the exaggeration of metabolic changes associated with pregnancy.
The overarching aim of this body of work was to investigate the relationship between insulin response patterns during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. A further aim was to explore current dietary advice for the management of GDM. To investigate this aim, the first study was a systematic review (15 articles from 11 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), n = 3,614 participants) to extend knowledge on dietary interventions during pregnancy that may be effective for reducing the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes linked to maternal metabolic dysfunction (Chapter 3). The primary outcomes were neonatal cord blood insulin, c-peptide, and adiposity as markers of foetal hyperinsulinaemia and overnutrition. Findings demonstrated an overall protective effect of lifestyle-based interventions (including nutrition, physical activity, behaviour change, and monitoring) with elements of personalisation and dietary advice based on low glycaemic load (GL) approaches for reducing neonatal adiposity.
Maternal insulin response patterns and the prevalence of hyperinsulinaemia (applying the Kraft algorithm) according to varying degrees of glucose tolerance were then investigated in an observational study (Chapter 4). For this study, a historical dataset, dated mid-1970s to early-1990s, of results from presumed pregnant women (n = 926) who underwent three-hour oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs, 100-gram glucose load) with insulin assays was examined. Demographic information available included only participant age, weight, height, and date of testing. Further medical information and gestational age at time of testing was not available. Almost a third (31%) of the women with normal glucose tolerance demonstrated a delayed peak hyperinsulinaemia pattern (Kraft pattern III). Among the women with GDM (2010 American Diabetes Association criteria), the prevalence of Kraft pattern III hyperinsulinaemia was 75%. Kraft pattern IV hyperinsulinaemia was only observed in 3% of participants, the majority of which were categorised as GDM (GDM vs. normal: n = 13, 6% vs. n = 9, 1.5%; p<0.001).
To further explore the relationship between early pregnancy insulin response patterns and changes later in gestation, a case series of four pregnant women living in New Zealand was conducted (Chapter 5). Participants underwent an OGTT (75-gram glucose, 2-hour) at ≤ 14 weeks’ gestation. Insulin response patterns were defined using a modified version of the Kraft algorithm to include four plasma insulin and glucose samples from the OGTT (fasting and 30-, 60-, and 120-minutes post oral glucose). Glycaemic measures, weight gain, foetal growth, dietary and lifestyle changes, and obstetric outcomes were examined throughout pregnancy. Two cases presented with Kraft pattern IIB hyperinsulinaemia early in pregnancy. For both of these women, difficulty during labour was observed (shoulder dystocia and surgically assisted delivery for Case #1, and emergency caesarean section for Case #4). A protective effect of healthy lifestyle choices to limit gestational weight gain (GWG) was postulated.
The final component of this research explored the current lifestyle management of GDM pregnancies by maternity-based health professionals in New Zealand in a qualitative study (Chapter 6). Key barriers to providing dietary advice included limited accessibility of health services, service delivery issues, fragmentation and conflicting information across health providers and alternative information sources (e.g. internet-based), and gaps in nutrition guidelines and clinical resources.
Collectively, this body of work demonstrated the potential significance of using insulin response patterns to recognise hyperinsulinaemia early in the gestational period. Several gaps in care were highlighted around the dietary management of women during early gestation at risk of GDM and those later in pregnancy once diagnosed. Recognising a spectrum of insulin response patterns may help to identify metabolic dysfunction much sooner in pregnancy than current screening programmes. Earlier identification of women with such an increased risk could further enhance dietary and lifestyle management to be more proactive and personalised. Further research into this area could help inform the development of early screening tools for women with a higher risk of adverse outcomes and guide treatment decisions. In practice, a better understanding of metabolic phenotypes may aid in progressing therapeutic dietary advice to become more targeted and personalised for better maternal and offspring outcomes
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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