1,720,991 research outputs found
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EFFECTS OF SOCIAL IDENTITY THREAT AND SOCIAL COMPARISON ON WELLBEING IN A SOCIAL MEDIA ENVIRONMENT
No full textThe relationship between social comparison and social identity threat among targeted individuals was examined in the novel context of a mock social media platform. Participants were randomly assigned to either a sexism or no sexism condition which indicated what content they saw on the platform. A sample size of fifty female university students interacted with this mock platform. Code was taken from GitHub and the site was simulated to look similar to a popular social media site. Once on the platform, participants were instructed to scroll through it and react how they normally would when engaging on any other site. Each student had their heart rate monitored and recorded during their duration of scroll time on the website. As part of the study, they also filled out pre and post-surveys indicating their anxiety levels, levels of social comparison, and a series of other measures that may have contributed to the state of their wellbeing. It was predicted that individuals higher on the social comparison scale would exhibit higher cardiac and self-report anxiety levels compared to those lower in social comparison. We did not find evidence of a relationship between elevated levels of social comparison and an exposure to perceived identity threat
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Family Perceptions: Measuring Beliefs About Whether Gender Roles Are Transmitted From Parents To Children
No full textPrior research has examined perceptions of adults who violate gender stereotypes and shown on numerous occasions that these adults are at risk for receiving social and economic repercussions in the form of perceptual evaluations. However, research has yet to address whether the negative judgements of and backlash against gender nonconforming adults will be transferred onto perceptions of their children. The current study investigates how adults perceive children belonging to non-traditional (i.e., gender non-stereotypical parental roles) and traditional households by showing adults illustrations of these ostensible children within the family context. Results show that parents belonging to non-traditional families were generally perceived in accordance with backlash theory. The non-traditional mother received higher rating of perceived success, but lower rating of perceived morality in comparison to their non-violating other. While the non-traditional father was perceived as more likable but less successful then the non-traditional mother and received lower rating of success in comparison to their non-violating other. These findings did not extend to children in the way that was originally hypothesized, and instead non-traditional children received ratings similarly to children with traditional parents but received a boost in perceived success and likelihood to pursue counter stereotypical occupations
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Barriers To Gender-Stereotype Inconsistent Helping: Investigating Concerns About Anticipated Negative Mood, Fear Of Backlash, And Low Self-Efficacy Beliefs
No full textPrevious research has shown that engaging in prosocial behaviors results in benefits to well-being (e.g., increased positive mood). However, research also suggests that gender stereotypes restrict how we engage in prosocial behaviors, resulting in the classification of female-typed and male-typed helping. Women are more likely to help in line with communal roles (e.g., offering emotional support), while men are more likely to help in line with agentic roles (e.g., physical, problem solving). In this study, I evaluated men and women’s anticipated mood, perceived self-efficacy, and fear of backlash after imaging themselves engaging in a gender-consistent vs. inconsistent helping scenario. I hypothesize that people who imagine themselves helping in a gender-inconsistent way will anticipate decreased mood (vs. gender-consistent helping). I also hypothesize that perceived self-efficacy and fear of backlash will mediate this relationship such that people asked to imagine themselves helping in an inconsistent manner will expect to be less skilled and more concerned about harsh judgments from others, resulting in decreased anticipated mood. Results show that those who imagined helping in a gender-inconsistent way anticipated decreased positive mood and lower self-efficacy beliefs, with self-efficacy serving as a mediator. Further results and implications for the current study are discussed
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PERCEPTIONS OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL MOTIVATIONS TO RESPOND WITHOUT PREJUDICE BASED ON APPLICANT RACE
No full textThe current study investigated whether target applicants’ race and race disclosure in diversity statements affected the evaluator’s perceptions of internal and external motivations to respond without prejudice (PIMS/PEMS). Participants were presented with both a fictitious student applicant profile and diversity statement, posed as written by the applicant. To operationalize race and race disclosure, participants (N = 265) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (1) a diversity statement by a Black applicant without disclosing race, (2) a diversity statement by a White applicant without disclosing race, (3) a diversity statement by a Black applicant disclosing race, or (4) a diversity statement by a White applicant disclosing race. The results indicated that participants were more likely to perceive Black applicants as more internally motivated than White applicants. Furthermore, White applicants were more likely to be perceived as externally motivated than Black applicants. The findings suggest that methods to increase diversity within institutions may not be as effective as originally thought. There is a risk of focusing primarily on the race of the applicant. Evaluators may favor Black applicants, who are perceived as more internally motivated and “genuinely” motivated, placing more academic pressure on Black students and maintaining the trend of ignoring Black applicants’ actual potential as students
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PREFERENCE FOR COMMUNAL OR AGENTIC TRAITS IN PARTNERS AND CHILDREN
No full textPeople’s preference for communal or agentic traits in their future partners and future children
and the connection to the self-extension model will be explored. Four-hundred-and-fifty
undergraduate heterosexual students were asked about their own preferences for communal
and agentic traits in future partners, sons, and daughters. The participants also rated the
expected level of self-extension toward these future family members, and their own levels of
agency and communion. The results show that men prefer more agentic sons and daughters
compared to partners, and more communal partners than sons. Women preferred more
agentic sons compared to partners. Self-extension acts as a partial mediator, where the more
both men and women self-extended to their future children, the more agentic they wanted
them to be compared to their partners. Implications of the results for future research will be
discussed
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ADVANCES IN MODERN PSYCHOLOGY: SEXISM SOCIAL MEDIA DATABASE
No full textThe goal of this research is to create an Excel database available with piloted content and comments that can be used in online social media research and application regarding sexism. Two separate studies were completed using Qualtrics surveys, one examining the content and one investigating the comments. In each pilot, participants were asked to rate each image or comment on a 7-point Likert scale on its relation to hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, objectification, as well as anger, and insecurity based on descriptors originally suggested in the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996). Aggregate measures were created using hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, and objectification categories in SPSS. Using the results, the mean and standard deviation were calculated across all participants. This data was then entered into a database according to the type of sexism it displays for access for future social media and/or sexism research. Future research applications for the database will be discussed
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FEMINIST IDENTITY AND ACTION: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF STATUS LEGITIMIZING BELIEFS
No full textFeminism is an evolving movement for gender equality that has been extensively studied by the social sciences. One large sect of feminism research is the reasons why people chose or chose not to take on the feminist label. This is an important question because those who take on the label are more likely to engage in collective actions towards gender equality. Previous research has explored how status legitimizing beliefs (SLBs), or ideas that justify social systems of hierarchy as merit-based, impact Whites and men when presented with threats to their high status. The present research aimed to fill a gap in the literature by investigating how priming SLBs impacts people’s willingness to endorse movements that support and promote gender equality. Participants were randomly assigned to either an SLB priming group or a control group and reported their feminist identity, ideology, and willingness to confront sexism. I predicted that those in the SLB priming condition would be less likely than those in the control condition to endorse feminist ideology and action. The results failed to support this prediction, showing that the SLB prime had no effect on feminist identification, endorsement of feminist attitudes, willingness to engage in collective action, or willingness to intervene during sexist encounters. The priming task may have been too subtle to have an effect, or the sample may already be feminists who reject SLBs. Future research should replicate this study with a less subtle priming task to investigate if SLBs in the context of globalization and social media culture have an impact of people’s willingness to identify as a feminist and engage in collective action
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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