1,720,984 research outputs found
TEMPORALITY and INTERSUBJECTIVITY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA, A DIALOGUE BETWEEN PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL PHENOMENOLOGY AND COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
No full textLa psichiatria, da sempre disciplina di confine, porta in sé anime diverse. Storicamente, alcuni dei principali contributi, in particolare per quanto riguarda la schizofrenia, sono venuti dalla psicopatologia fenomenologica. Questa disciplina, con la sua profonda attenzione alle strutture
dell'esperienza, è guardata con crescente attenzione al fine di limitare l'appiattimento nosografico degli attuali sistemi diagnostici. D'altra parte, lo sviluppo delle neuroscienze cognitive rende ormai indispensabile, per una disciplina che vuole mantenere i propri confini all'interno delle scienze mediche, sottoporsi alla validazione empirica dei costrutti neurobiologici. Ho focalizzato il mio lavoro di tesi sulle convergenze e divergenze di queste aree di studio, sviluppando una rassegna della letteratura riguardante le alterazioni della temporalità nella schizofrenia e un lavoro sperimentale di osservazione dell'azione in pazienti ad esordio psicotico sul tema dell'intersoggettività.
La prima parte (Temporalità) inizia con un excursus storico sulle somiglianze e differenze della psicopatologia fenomenologica con le neuroscienze cognitive sul tema della percezione del tempo nella schizofrenia. Il lavoro si sviluppa ulteriormente con una revisione sistematica delle correlazioni tra le alterazioni della percezione del tempo nella schizofrenia e gli ambiti cognitivo, sintomatologico e neurobiologico. I risultati della nostra revisione ci consentono di delineare alcune considerazioni: 1) sembra che i deficit cognitivi della schizofrenia e l'alterazione della
temporalità nella schizofrenia appartengano a due domini distinti. 2) è più difficile stabilire se esiste o meno una chiara correlazione tra i sintomi positivi e negativi e i domini temporali 3) gli studi sul timing percettivo spiegano un'associazione primaria tra il deficit di timing con le disfunzioni dopaminergiche e fronto-striatali nella schizofrenia 4) gli studi sul timing motorio evidenziano un ruolo cruciale delle disfunzioni del circuito cerebello-talamo-corticale nell'elaborazione temporale.
La seconda parte (Intersoggettività) propone un lavoro sperimentale che cerca di creare un ponte tra la tradizione fenomenologica e le neuroscienze cognitive. I concetti sull'intersoggettività espressi dalla fenomenologia trovano una convergenza con la tesi della “direct social perception”. La “direct social perception” (DSP) è l'idea che possiamo percepire gli stati mentali degli altri. Questo tipo di percezione è diretta nel senso che non implica una mediazione inferenziale. Utilizzando un task di "action observation” abbiamo tentato di rilevare se ci sono differenze tra pazienti con disturbi psicotici e controlli sani nello svolgimento di compiti di decodifica dei parametri cinematici. I nostri risultati sottolineano che i pazienti hanno maggiori difficoltà rispetto ai controlli nell'interpretare il comportamento degli altri, specialmente quando vengono presentati con informazioni frammentate o parziali.Psychiatry, which has always been a border discipline, carries within itself different souls. Historically, some of the main contributions, particularly with regard to schizophrenia, have come from phenomenological psychopathology. This discipline, with its deep attention to the structures of experience, is being watched with increasing attention in order to limit the nosographic flattening of current diagnostic systems. On the other hand, the development of cognitive neuroscience now makes it essential, for a discipline that wants to maintain its boundaries within the medical sciences, to undergo the empirical validation of
neurobiological constructs. I focused my thesis work on convergences and divergences of these disciplines, developing a review of the literature regarding the alterations of temporality in schizophrenia and an experimental work of action observation in psychotic onset patients on the subject of intersubjectivity.
The first part (Temporality) begins with a historical study on the similarities and differences of phenomenological psychopathology and cognitive neuroscience on the topic of time perception in schizophrenia. The work develops further with the development of a systematic review of the correlations between alterations in the perception of time in schizophrenia and the cognitive, symptomatological and neurobiological domains. The results from our review allow us to outline some considerations: 1) it appears that the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia and the alteration of temporality in schizophrenia belong to two distinct domains. 2) it is more difficult to establish whether or not there is a clear correlation between the positive and negative symptoms and temporal domains 3) Studies regarding perceptual timing account for a primary association between timing deficit with dopaminergic and fronto-striatal dysfunctions in schizophrenia 4) Studies regarding motor timing highlight a crucial role of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical-circuit dysfunctions in subsecond temporal processing.
The second part (Intersubjectivity) proposes an experimental work which try to set bridge between the phenomenological tradition and cognitive neuroscience. The concepts on intersubjectivity expressed by phenomenology find a convergence with the direct social perception thesis. Direct Social Perception (DSP) is the idea that we can perceive others’ mental states. This kind of perception is direct in the sense that it does not involve inferential
mediation. Using an “action observation task” we attempted to detect whether there are differences between patients with psychotic disorders and healthy controls in carrying out tasks of decoding the kinematic parameters. Our results point out that patients have greater difficulty than controls in interpreting the behavior of others, especially when presented with fragmented or partial information
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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