1,721,045 research outputs found
The frequency and content of discussions about alcohol use in primary care and application of the Chief Medical Officer’s Low-Risk Drinking Guidelines: A cross-sectional survey of general practitioners and practice nurses in the UK
No full textAims
To examine how often general practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses (PNs) working in primary care discuss alcohol with patients, what factors prompt discussions, how they approach patient discussions and whether the Chief Medical Officers’ (CMO) revised low-risk drinking guidelines are appropriately advised.
Methods
Cross-sectional survey with GPs and PNs working in primary care in the UK, conducted January–March 2017 (n = 2020). A vignette exercise examined what factors would prompt a discussion about alcohol, whether they would discuss before or after a patient reported exceeded the revised CMO guidelines (14 units per week) and whether the CMO drinking guidelines were appropriately advised. For all patients, participants were asked how often they discussed alcohol and how they approached the discussion (e.g. used screening tool).
Results
The most common prompts to discuss alcohol in the vignette exercise were physical cues (44.7% of participants) or alcohol-related symptoms (23.8%). Most practitioners (70.1%) said they would wait until a patient was exceeding CMO guidelines before instigating discussion. Two-fifths (38.1%) appropriately advised the CMO guidelines in the vignette exercise, with PNs less likely to do so than GPs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, P = 0.03). Less than half (44.7%) reportedly asked about alcohol always/often with all patients, with PNs more likely to ask always/often than GPs (OR = 2.22, P < 0.001). Almost three-quarters said they would enquire by asking about units (70.3%), compared to using screening tools.
Conclusion
Further research is required to identify mechanisms to increase the frequency of discussions about alcohol and appropriate recommendation of the CMO drinking guidelines to patients
Adolescents’ perceptions of standardised cigarette packaging and other cigarette packaging measures intended to be dissuasive: A mixed method study in Britain
Full text linkBackground: This thesis had two main aims. First, to understand how adolescents responded to standardised cigarette packaging. Second, to explore how adolescents perceived novel ways of using the packaging to attempt to deter smoking, specifically cigarette packs that played audio health messages when opened, cigarette packs where the brand variant name was replaced by a number (‘numbered packs’), and cigarette sticks which were an unappealing colour or displayed a warning (‘dissuasive cigarettes’).
Methods: A mixed methods design was used, with three interlinked studies with adolescents. First, focus groups were employed with 16-17 year-olds (n=41) in Scotland to explore awareness of, and responses to, standardised packaging, and perceptions of cigarette packs that played audio health warning messages and dissuasive cigarettes. Second, a cross-sectional survey with 12-17 year-olds in Scotland (n=594) examined perceptions of, and responses to, standardised packaging and dissuasive cigarettes. Third, focus groups with 11-16 year-olds (n=89) across Britain assessed reactions to brand variant names and numbered packs.
Findings: The findings suggest that standardised packaging is viewed unfavourably by adolescents, with the warnings on packs prominent and off-putting and the appeal of the pack, the user and smoking greatly diminished. Standardised packs with different structures from the traditional straight-edged flip top pack were viewed less negatively however. While some adolescents viewed the packs playing audio health messages as a deterrent, and thought that the numbered packs, which caused some confusion, would make it more difficult to form attachments with brands, dissuasive cigarettes appear to have the greatest potential to discourage young people from smoking.
Conclusion: Standardised packaging appears to be protecting adolescents by making cigarette packaging and smoking less appealing, and the on-pack warnings more salient and effective. However, as adolescents are not necessarily exposed to packs at the point of consumption, dissuasive cigarettes may help to extend this protection
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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