1,721,004 research outputs found
Essays in International Trade and Russian Trade Policy
Full text linkIn this dissertation I investigate the evolution of the current Russian foreign trade policy from trade liberalization following the accession to the World Trade Organization in 2012 to protectionism in the form of the retaliatory embargo in 2014. I focus on estimating the effects of each individual policy on Russian international trade, as well as the interconnection of these two opposing policies as parts of a broader strategy. First, I undertake an empirical analysis to estimate the impact of the embargo on Russian aggregate foreign trade. I find that the embargo was not fully effective in shutting down the imports of embargoed goods from the sanctioning countries. Next, I use a triple difference estimation strategy to identify the effect of the retaliatory embargo on the extensive and intensive margins of firm-level trade. I find an increase in the exit rate of Russian firms importing goods targeted by the embargo from the sanctioning countries, with the larger firms switching to trading with non-sanctioning countries (extensive margin effects). Intriguingly, not all firms cut their trade relations with the sanctioning countries, which suggests that the embargo was not fully enforced. I find no evidence of unintended consequences of the embargo on the imports of other product categories. Taken together, Russia has been able to mitigate some but not all the costs to trade resulting from the self-imposed embargo. Finally, I analyze the impact of Russia's accession to the WTO on firm-level foreign trade dynamics. Russia's accession to the WTO had positive effects on Russian exporters and importers along several margins, including an increase in the number of partner countries for exporters and importers, and a significant increase in the number of imported products. The evidence of the effects of the WTO membership on the average export and import flows of firms is mixed. Additionally, I find evidence in support of the claim that the retaliatory embargo could have been conceived as a protectionist impulse to shield Russian producers in vulnerable industries (e.g., agriculture) from the increased competition following the accession to the WTO, rather than a purely retaliation instrument to the sanctions
Three Essays on the Cost of Internet Communications: Measurement and Implications for International Economic Flows
Full text linkI develop new measures of Internet communication costs that hold advantages over similar measures previously used in the economics literature: they are more solidly based on the technical nature of the Internet, easier to compute, and/or more suitable to use in international economics. To do this, I introduce a pair of novel data sources that describe distinct aspects of Internet communication. I further demonstrate that my developed measures possess explanatory power when used to explain patterns of trade in goods and in services, as well as cross-border portfolio investment
Title: Irregular Trade Policy: Reversals, Uncertainty And Diversion
Full text linkRecent economic, political, and geostrategic developments are upending the global trade framework, weakening global multilateralism and international coordination. The stability and predictability that characterized a slow-moving and consensus-based global system of rules is ceding ground to increasingly more common deviations and irregularities. This invites new questions about the properties of international trade policy. Using a variety of econometric tools and data collection and construction tools, this dissertation empirically investigates three such irregularities that are becoming more prevalent or likely. I find that the economic costs and implications of such irregularities are rather contained in scope and limited in size. This suggests that a transition out of the existing international trade model and into a new framework might be conducted at reduced cost to the continuity and stability of overall economic activity
The Trade Impact of Diplomatic Relations in Developing Countries: The Choice between China or Taiwan
Full text linkChina is using the policy of diplomacy to increase its global influence, especially among developing countries. From 1995 to 2019, twenty-two developing countries from various parts of the world switched diplomatic allegiances from Taiwan to China. This dissertation evaluates how this diplomatic policy change affected various trade outcomes of the countries that switched allegiances. In summary, it finds that trade with Taiwan decreased, especially imports from there. For trade with China, the value of imports increased but that of exports decreased. This decrease in the value of exports spared the sectors for which the switching countries enjoyed comparative advantages
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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