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An exploration of the experience of living with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) using multimodal hermeneutic phenomenological approaches and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Get PDFBody Dysmorphic Disorder (Body Dysmorphia; BDD) is a debilitating mental health condition characterised by experiencing impairing preoccupations with one or more perceived defects in one’s physical appearance. BDD affects approximately 2% of the general population but has a suicidal ideation rate of 80%. BDD is under-researched, and the majority of research published on the disorder focuses on risk factors, comorbidities and interventions, meaning there is very little understanding of the personal and idiographic experiences of those living with it. This research took a qualitative, phenomenological approach to explore the disorder using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA; Smith, 1996) and multimodal hermeneutic phenomenological approaches in order to offer participants an array of modes in which they could make sense of their experiences of BDD. In a hermeneutic-autoethnographic piece, I explored my own BDD experience regarding difficulties with experiencing childhood appearance-related bullying, race-related bullying, rejection, and psychological abuse. In a study exploring people’s self-identified origins of BDD, some of the key themes generated from participant data included experiencing a sense of entrapment with a distorted view of the world; being a prisoner in one’s own skin; having an exposed and vulnerable relational self; experiencing loss and ‘stolenness’. Additionally, I explored the psychological process of coping with BDD, through artwork and semi-structured interviews. Participants highlighted the fusion between BDD and their lifeworld; attempting to detach from their perceived selves; experiencing a fragmented self, and moving towards a reconciliation of the self and body. The research findings in this thesis demonstrate that using qualitative and creative methods can help to gain a deeper understanding of what it is like to live with BDD from the perspective of those who experience it. My research indicates that professionals should consider individuals’ perceived BDD origins in treatment, implement peer-to-peer support and explore the embodied experience of the disorder
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Toward Epistemic Justice: Using a Multimodal Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Methodological Approach in Research With Autistic Children
Get PDFIn this paper we critically examine the systemic marginalisation of autistic children’s contributions in research and make the case for how a multimodal application of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) can contribute towards more inclusive and equitable knowledge production. Drawing on an empirical study into the subjective everyday experiences of ten autistic children aged nine to eleven years in mainstream primary schools in England, our research foregrounds the need for methodological innovation to accommodate diverse communicative modalities, particularly among intermittently- and non-speaking participants. By integrating creative adaptations - including photo-elicitation, asynchronous text-based interviewing, and participant-led multimodal engagement – we provide worked examples of how IPA’s flexibility can facilitate more authentic, participant-driven meaning-making processes while maintaining methodological rigour. In doing so, we explore how multimodal IPA can provide a framework for challenging historically dominant neuronormative research practices in an attempt to address both testimonial and hermeneutic forms of epistemic injustice. The paper concludes by exploring the broader ethical and practical implications of our study, arguing for the adoption of approaches to research and professional practice that anticipate and accommodate autistic modes of communication in a shift toward greater inclusivity and epistemic equity
Using artwork and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to explore the experience of coping with body dysmorphic disorder
Get PDFBody dysmorphic disorder (body dysmorphia; BDD) is a mental health condition characterised by experiencing impairing preoccupations about aspects of one’s appearance. The psychological process of coping with BDD is a highly personal and varied experience that has not yet been explored in qualitative research. It can be extremely difficult to put into language the subtle and ambiguous phenomena that one experiences when attempting to convey what it is like to live with its symptoms. Our arts-based phenomenological design invited participants to provide both visual and narrative data. Participants created artwork to represent their experiences of coping with BDD on a bad day and on a more manageable day, then took part in a semi-structured follow-up interview. In this study, we used a multimodal hermeneutic-phenomenological approach combining Boden and Eatough’s (2014) Framework for the Analysis of Drawings, and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, 1996) to explore an individual’s experiences of coping with BDD
Mental Health Advice on TikTok
Get PDFIn this paper, we provide the first, large-scale corpus-pragmatic analysis of mental health advice by social media influencers on TikTok. We identify advice-giving in large datasets focusing on if-conditionals as a specific form that allows us to analyse how the audience is positioned relative to a need and the solution which is then proposed. To identify the different ways in which mental health issues are presented, we use an adapted version of the 'mental health quotient' (Newson and Thiagarajan, 2020), as a linguistically informed framework for differentiating between lay discussions of mental health and those that invoke specific disorders. We sample a corpus of over 27,000 TikTok videos from 85 mental health influencers, using corpus-scale identification to extract and analyse if-conditionals produced by mental health professionals and wellness influencers. Our analysis of the protasis shows how these two types of influencers use prompts that share some similarities but also rely on fundamentally different models of healthcare. The relationship between these prompts and the information and recommendations in the apodosis show how health professionals rely on diagnostic information and therapeutic advice, while wellness influencers recommend embodied practice and products to treat mental health issues. These findings set out the distinctive ecosystem of healthcare which is emerging within the algorithmically driven contexts of sites like TikTok
A phenomenological exploration of self-identified origins and experiences of body dysmorphic disorder
Get PDFBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a debilitating mental health condition that presently affects ~2% of the general population. Individuals with BDD experience distressing preoccupations regarding one or more perceived defects in their physical appearance. These preoccupations and perceived distortions can have a profound impact on key areas of social functioning and psychological health. Individuals’ BDD origins have not been explored in significant depth and have been, often unhelpfully, conflated with social media usage and exposure to idealistic imagery of the body. Such generalisations fail to acknowledge the complexity of BDD development and onset, highlighting the importance of moving towards an understanding of people’s implicit theories regarding their own experience. It is therefore essential to gain insight into how individuals make sense of the experiences which they believe led to the development and onset of BDD. The aim of this exploratory study was to elicit and phenomenologically analyse the accounts of individuals with lived experience of BDD in order to examine their beliefs about its origins and understand how they navigate the world with a distorted sense of self. Participants provided written and verbal accounts regarding both their BDD onset and experiences of living with the disorder. Both components of the study were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four main themes were generated from the data: Exposure to bullying and external critique of appearance; Experiencing rejection, shame, and a sense of not being enough; Developing an awareness of the solidification of concerns, and Learning about and reflecting upon triggers. Participants attributed their BDD onset to adverse experiences such as childhood bullying, receiving appearance-focused criticism, rejection and being subjected to emotional and physical abuse. The findings from this study highlight the complexity of BDD development and onset in individuals, and the need for appropriate care and treatment for those affected by BDD
Visual representations of coping with body dysmorphic disorder:a multimodal hermeneutic phenomenological approach
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition characterised by distress associated with perceived defects in one's physical appearance. Such defects are likely to be very slight or invisible to external observers, making it difficult for people with BDD to convey what they see. METHODS: Participants created artwork representing how they cope with BDD, then completed a follow-up interview to discuss their artwork. Framework for the Analysis of Drawings was used together with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. FINDINGS: Three overarching themes were generated from the analysis, centred around BDD's fusion with one's lifeworld, perceptual detachment, and fragmented selves. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest incorporating artwork creation in BDD research and clinical settings may elucidate understanding of "hidden" experiences. Clinicians may find it helpful to reflect on how the distinctive BDD "way of seeing" can infuse not just specific perceptions of the body, but also the person's wider relationship to the world
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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