1,721,012 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Onderzoek naar de genetische en fenotypische diversiteit in Brettanomyces gisten
No full textBrettanomyces yeast species, withBrettanomyces (Dekkera) bruxellensis being the most important, are generally reported to be spoilage yeasts in the beer and wine industry due to the production of phenolic off-flavors. The aromas imparted, which can be described as ‘medicinal and rsquo;, are colloquially known as rdquo; character and are generally considered negative for beer and wine quality. However, the same compounds are regarded positively when produced during certain fermentation processes, such as the production of some styles of beer (e.g. lambic and gueuze). Despite its economic importance, surprisingly little is known about the biology, physiology and ecology of Brettanomyces yeasts. Herein, several aspects of Brettanomyces yeast biology and ecology were studied, with particular emphasis on B. Bruxellensis, thus contributing to a better understanding of the biology and ecology of these important influencers of flavor profile.
In the first chapter (Chapter I), we give a comprehensive literature overview of the state-of-the-art of Brettanomyces research, emphasizing areas that were particularly well explored at the start of this PhD study, including aroma-associated aspects and methods for detection and identification. We also focused on recent genetic and genomic studies providing novel insights into the biology and evolution of B. bruxellensis. In Chapter II, we assessed the genetic relationships between 50 Brettanomyces strains belonging to all species presently identified within the genus and isolated from different food products and beverages using established DNA fingerprinting methods. These methods included ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR, arbitrarily primed (AP) PCR and repetitive element PCR fingerprinting (rep-PCR). Our results support earlier findings that Brettanomyces yeasts form a genetically diverse clade, even within a species, and are represented by several subgroupings. Further our results revealed an intriguing correlation between B. bruxellensis genotype groups and the respective source of isolation, suggesting niche adaptation. To further explore this relationship, we first sequenced a (beneficial) beer isolate of B. bruxellensis (VIB X9085; ST05.12/22) and compared its genome sequence with the genome sequences of two wine spoilage strains (AWRI 1499 and CBS 2499) (Chapter III). In addition to strain-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (InDels), structural genome variation was found between our strain and both wine strains, with some genomic regions specifically deleted in the beer strain. These included, but were not limited to, a region harboring the B. bruxellensis nitrate assimilation cluster and a region representing a cluster of genes mainly involved in carbon metabolism. Next, in Chapter IV, metabolic differences in carbon and nitrogen assimilation between different B. bruxellensis strains from different beverages (beer, wine and soft drink) were thoroughly assessed using Biolog Phenotype Microarrays. While some similarities of physiology were noted, many traits were variable among strains. Interestingly, some phenotypes were found that could be linked to strain origin, especially for the assimilation of particularalpha;- and β-glycosides as well as nbsp;and β-substituted monosaccharides. Based upon gene presence or absence, an nbsp;and β-glucosidase were found explaining the observed phenotypes. Further, using a PCR screen on a large number of B. bruxellensis isolates we have been able to specifically link a genomic deletion (e.g. harboring a β-glucosidase gene) to the beer strains, suggesting that this region may have a fitness cost for B. bruxellensis in certain fermentation systems such as brewing. Additionally, our work indicates that most beer strains are diploid, whereas the vast majority of wine strains are known to be triploid, suggesting that the additional set of chromosomes may confer a selective advantage in environments such as wineries. Finally, in Chapter V a series of fermentation tests were performed, in which different B. bruxellensis strains were inoculated in different media representative of different ecological niches of the yeast (i.e. beer, wine and soft drink). Utilisation of different sugars was quantified and production of (off-) flavors was monitored after one month of fermentation. Our results revealed that not only the medium (which may contain different (off-) flavor precursors), but also the yeast strain mediates the formation of the typical Brettanomyces (off-) flavors. Moreover, a (moderate) correlation was found between the origin of the strains and their impact on the volatile composition of the media. Only strains originally isolated from wine produced typical Brettanomyces off-flavors when inoculated in wine, whereas strains originally isolated from beer or soft drink did not, for example. Vice versa, in strong golden pale ale (Duvel), beer strains behaved differently from the other strains. Altogether, these results suggest that the interaction between medium and strain affects the outcome of potential (off-) flavor production.
Together, the components of this PhD study provide tools to discriminate Brettanomyces strains and reveal a first glimpse into the genetic diversity and genomic and phenotypic plasticity of B. bruxellensis. Our findings are relevant for the wine industry as well as for the beer industry. After all, deeper understanding of the ecology of B. bruxellensis not only provides novel insights into the evolution of this intriguing yeast species, it will also facilitate avoidance of wine spoilage and improvement of B. bruxellensis strains for brewing.status: Publishe
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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