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Characterization of the compatibility of black pepper grafted on species of the genus Piper
No full textIn the black pepper culture, Brazilian productivity is restricted by several biotic and abiotic factors, highlighting the incidence of the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. Piperis, since the existing chemical management techniques are not very efficient. Among the strategies, the practice of grafting black pepper cultivars into wild species has proved to be efficient and sustainable, however, the success of this technique depends on the compatibility between the graft and rootstock. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of grafting using various rootstocks and to identify morphophysiological descriptors related to incompatibility. Fusarium species resistant to Piper species were studied using two grafting techniques. In the lateral fork, three native species of the genus Piper (Piper aduncum L., Piper hispidum Sw. And Piper tuberculatum Jacq.) And the cultivar BRS Kottanadan were evaluated as rootstocks. In the top fork experiment, three native species of the genus Piper (Piper arboreum Aubl., P. aduncum and P. tuberculatum) and ´Bankankotta` were evaluated as rootstocks, and as a graft from both trials, cultivar was used Bragantina. The first chapter was entitled “Chlorophyll a fluorescence for assessing the efficiency of grafting of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) under intra and interspecific rootstocks” and the second, entitled “Primary metabolism and its relationship with development of grafted seedlings of black pepper ”. When the photosynthetic apparatus was analyzed using the chlorophyll a fluorescence method, grafting under wild species was better in both grafting methods with a higher performance index of photosynthetic efficiency. The recommended method, at the production level, is the grafting of the side fork in a full slit. It can be concluded that grafting is a viable strategy for mitigating biotic and abiotic factors. As for chapter two, characteristics related to vegetative development, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate allocation were evaluated. P. tuberculatum showed initial incompatibility. The analysis of survival over time and the parameters related to the photosynthetic capacity of the graft and seedling quality indicated that there was no incompatibility between ´Bragantina` and the rootstocks P. aduncum, P. hispidum vii and ´Kottanadan`. However, the species P. hispidum and ´Kottanadan` showed greater limitation in union due to difference in diameter. In the study of correlations, it was possible to observe a decrease in investment in aerial parts, contributing to the increase in water use efficiency. The content of AR and AST of the stem above the graft region allowed greater accumulation of dry mass in this region. The species with the highest photosynthetic performance and carbohydrate allocation was P. aduncumNa cultura da pimenta-do-reino a produtividade brasileira é restringida por diversos fatores bióticos e abióticos, destacando a incidência do fungo Fusarium solani f. sp. Piperis, visto que as técnicas existentes de manejo químico são pouco eficientes. Dentre as estratégias a prática de enxertia de cultivares da pimenta-doreino em espécies silvestres vem se mostrando eficiente e sustentável, contudo, o sucesso desta técnica depende da compatibilidade entre o enxerto e porta-enxerto. Sendo assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficiência da enxertia utilizando diversos porta-enxertos e identificar descritores morfofisiológicos relacionados com a incompatibilidade. Foram estudadas espécies do gênero Piper resistentes à Fusariose utilizando duas técnicas de enxertia. Na garfagem lateral foram avaliados como porta-enxertos três espécies nativas do gênero Piper (Piper aduncum L., Piper hispidum Sw. e Piper tuberculatum Jacq.) e a cultivar BRS Kottanadan. No experimento de garfagem de topo foram avaliados como portaenxertos três espécies nativas do gênero Piper (Piper arboreum Aubl., P. aduncum e P. tuberculatum) e a ´Balankotta`, e como enxerto de ambos os ensaios utilizou-se a cultivar Bragantina. O primeiro capítulo foi intitulado “Fluorescência da clorofila a para avaliação da eficiência da enxertia da pimenteira-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.) sob porta-enxertos intra e interespecíficos” e o segundo, intitulado “Metabolismo primário e sua relação com o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas enxertadas de pimenteira-doreino”. Quando analisado o aparato fotossintético pelo método de fluorescência da clorofila a, a enxertia sob espécies selvagens foram melhores nos dois métodos de enxertia com maior índice de desempenho da eficiência fotossintética. O método recomendável, a nível de produção, destaca-se a enxertia de garfagem lateral em fenda cheia. Pode-se concluir que a enxertia é uma estratégia viável para mitigação dos fatores bióticos e abióticos. Quanto ao capítulo dois foram avaliadas características referentes ao desenvolvimento vegetativo, trocas gasosas, pigmentos fotossintéticos, alocação de carboidratos. P. tuberculatum apresentou v incompatibilidade inicial. A análise da sobrevivência ao longo do tempo e os parâmetros relacionados à capacidade fotossintética do enxerto e de qualidade da muda indicaram que não houve incompatibilidade entre a ´Bragantina` e os portaenxertos P. aduncum, P. hispidum e a ´Kottanadan`. Porém, as espécies P. hispidum e ´Kottanadan` apresentaram maior limitação na união por diferença de diâmetro. No estudo das correlações foi possível observar decréscimo no investimento em parte aérea, contribuindo para o aumento da eficiência do uso da água. O teor de AR e AST do caule acima da região do enxerto possibilitou maior acúmulo de massa seca nesta região. A espécie com maior desempenho fotossintético e de alocação dos carboidratos foi P. aduncu
Fenologia de genótipos de Coffea canephora de diferentes ciclos de maturação
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the phenological development of Coffea canephora genotypes at early, intermediate, and late maturation stages. Three experiments were conducted, focusing on seed quality, phenological development, and leaf characteristics. The study took place at the Experimental Farm of the Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical Assistance, and Rural Extension (INCAPER) in Marilândia in Espírito Santo, Brazil. The first experiment analyzed the seed development of early and late maturation genotypes, aiming to identify maturation progression and physiological quality. The early maturing genotype began germination at 202 days after anthesis (DAA), while the late maturing genotype began at 230 DAA. The optimal harvest point occurred at the cherry maturation stage, with the early genotype reaching maximum physiological quality at 244 DAA and the late genotype at 326 DAA. The second experiment evaluated meteorological data, vegetative and reproductive development of the genotypes. Phenology was recorded from the dormant bud phase to the cherry coffee stage, revealing that all genotypes had a main flowering in September. However, early genotypes had a significant flowering also in July, while the late genotype 143 showed the highest yield. Photoperiod and precipitation were decisive in vegetative growth, with peaks observed in spring and summer. The third experiment assessed leaf development and carbohydrate content. Leaf emission followed a nonlinear logistic model, but with significant differences between genotypes. The genotype 143 exhibited more pronounced leaf growth in the spring, while the others showed greater growth in the summer. Climatic conditions influenced the starch and soluble sugar levels in the leaves, with higher concentrations of reducing sugars during periods of slow growth. It is concluded that the differences between genotypes should be considered when choosing the optimal harvest time, prioritizing the cherry maturation stage. Photoperiod and precipitation are the factors that most affect coffee development, with early-maturing genotypes being more sensitive to climate fluctuations. The study highlights the importance of integrating genetic and climatic factors to optimize coffee productionEste trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar o desenvolvimento fenológico de genótipos de Coffea canephora dos estádios de maturação precoce, intermediário e tardio. Três experimentos foram realizados, focando na qualidade das sementes, desenvolvimento fenológico e características foliares. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental do Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER) de Marilândia, no Espírito Santo, Brasil. No primeiro experimento, foram analisados o desenvolvimento das sementes de genótipos de maturação precoce e tardia, buscando identificar a progressão da maturação e da qualidade fisiológica. O genótipo de maturação precoce iniciou sua germinação aos 202 dias após a antese (DAA), enquanto o de maturção tardia iniciou aos 230 DAA. O ponto ótimo de colheita ocorreu no estádio de maturação cereja, com o precoce alcançando sua máxima qualidade fisiológica aos 244 DAA e o tardio aos 326 DAA. No segundo experimento avaliou-se os dados meteorológicos, desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo dos genótipos. A fenologia foi registrada desde a fase de gemas dormentes até o café cereja, revelando que todos os genótipos tiveram uma florada principal em setembro. No entanto, os genótipos precoces tiveram, uma significativa florada também em julho, enquanto o genótipo tardio, 143, apresentou o maior rendimento. Fotoperíodo, temperaturas e precipitação foram decisivos no crescimento vegetativo, com picos observados na primavera e verão. No terceiro experimento avaliou-se o desenvolvimento foliar e os teores de carboidratos. A emissão foliar seguiu um modelo logístico não linear, porém com diferenças significativas entre os genótipos. O genótipo 143 teve crescimento foliar mais expressivo na primavera, enquanto os demais apresentaram maior crescimento no verão. As condições climáticas influenciaram nos teores de amido e açúcares solúveis nas folhas, com maior concentração de açúcares redutores em períodos de crescimento lento. Conclui-se que deve ser considerada as diferenças entre os genótipos na escolha do momento ideal de colheita, priorizando-se o estádio de maturação cereja. O fotoperíodo e precipitação são os fatores que mais afetam o desenvolvimento do café, sendo os genótipos de maturação precoce mais sensíveis às flutuações climáticas. O trabalho destaca a importância de integrar fatores genéticos e climáticos para otimizar a produção de caféFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo (Fapes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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