16 research outputs found
Effects of Normative Messages on Pro-Environmental Attitudes and BehaviorsEffects of Normative Messages on Pro-Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors
No full textAs stated in the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the planet’s climate is warming at an unprecedented rate, and humans are responsible for the large majority of causes creating this situation. If humans are to repair the balance between themselves and nature, then a global environmental movement that includes widespread behavior and attitude reconstruction will have to occur. The current study seeks to build upon past research attempting to promote pro-environmental behavior change in individuals. The author examines the ability of modeling and norms presented in a video format to motivate individuals to change their behavior to become more environmentally sustainable.
Research shows that normative information can promote behaviors that are either harmful or beneficial to the environment (Cialdini, 2003; Stern, 2000; Stern et al, 1999). For purposes of this study, a norm is defined as any behavior perceived to be typical or normal by the participants. This study examines the influence of injunctive and descriptive norms on environmental attitudes and commitment to engage in proenvironmental behaviors. An injunctive norm is defined as a request to act in a pro-social manner. Injunctive norms usually target behaviors that are desired but not typical, such as asking someone to give up all use of their automobile. A descriptive norm on the other hand describes the desired behavior as typical and expected.
Based on previous research, we created two videos that presented descriptive information to create one of two norms: actions taken to protect the environment such as driving efficient vehicles, using less electricity, and recycling, or actions taken that harm the environment such as driving inefficient vehicles, using more electricity, not recycling, etc. (Cialdini, 2003; Bator & Cialdini, 2000). Both videos also presented injunctive norm information asking participants to engage in pro-environmental behaviors. The first video asks participants to behave in a way that is consistent with the descriptive norm. This will be called the combined norm condition. The second video asks participants to oppose the described norm because the norm in this condition is undesirable. This will be called the contrasting norm condition. The author hypothesized that the combined norm video would promote more positive reactions and an increased willingness to commit to pro-environmental behaviors than would the contrasting norm video. The author also hypothesized that the contrasting norm condition would be ineffective, reasoning that people rarely act against the norm, even if the norm is presented as negative or undesirable (Cialdini, 2003; Bator & Cialdini, 2000; Gardner & Stern, 2002)
The scanning probe microscopy study of thin polymer films
No full textScanning Tunnelling Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy were used systematically to investigate the morphology, uniformity, coverage and structure of the thin films of several commercially important insulating polymers. Despite the poorly conducting nature of the polymer sample, detailed and convincing images of this class of materials were achieved by STM without the need to coat the samples with a conductive layer. The polymer regions of the sample were further investigated by the use of surface profiling with 'line scans'. The fluctuations of the amplitude therein enabled important film characteristics to be assessed. An environmental stage was designed for the STM to enable the effect of various vapour-sample interactions to be observed during the imaging process. Using the data from the environmental stage in addition to the surface profiling with line scans, an insight into the conduction mechanism and image interpretation was gained. Results suggest that the water content of the sample and its immediate surroundings is an important factor in achieving reliable STM images in air. The initial study culminated with the observation by STM alone of the plasticizer induced crystallization of uncoated PC thin films. The 'amorphous' PC films were observed before crystallization and small ordered regions in roughly the same proportion as that predicted by diffraction studies [Prietschk, 1959 and Schnell, 1964] were imaged. This has never been observed by a microscopy technique. Furthermore, images of the crystalline film contained elongated units that were attributed to the lamellae formations that form the basic building blocks of polymer spherulites. The study continued with the AFM imaging of the growth of crystalline entities in a PC film, without the need for harsh sample treatment or metal coating. A method of casting and crystallizing the films was developed such that the growth was predominantly in two dimensions and consequently ideal for observation by AFM. Different stages of crystalline growth were observed, starting with pre-spherulitic material and finishing with fully developed spherulites; a process giving a broad insight into the crystallization process at a resolution unobtainable by most other microscopy techniques. The kinetics of growth of the spherulites within the two dimensional film can be gained from the Avrami exponent 'n'. The results presented here show that SPM can be used not only to provide a value of n (from uncoated samples), but in doing so provide very high resolution images of the film at key stages of development. In addition the size of the spherulites was controlled by the 'seeding' of the film by a suitable nucleating agent. The analysis indicates that the predominant nucleation process occurs at heterogeneities and not homogeneities in the film. Further to the size and growth rate of the spherulites, Daniewska et al [1986] suggested (although were unable to substantiate) that the structure of the spherulites fibrils was influenced by the chemical nature of the solvent Results reported here confirm that the fibril structure and spherulite size was significantly affected by the chemical nature of the plasticizing solvent. Detailed observations of the spherulites are included herein. A tapping mode AFM was used in conjunction with the usual contact mode AFM to image the fine spherulitic lamellae structure. It was found that the AFM operated in the tapping mode was less destructive than when operated in the contact mode and gave higher resolution images of the lamellae structure. The lamellae were found to be structurally very similar to the features observed in the study using STM indicating that under certain circumstances, the STM was less destructive over the 'insulating' polymer than the contact mode AFM. (author)SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN049758 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Contrasting Immersion and Consultation Service-Learning Pedagogies: a Step Towards Reconstructing Personal Values and Norms
No full textThe purpose of the current research was to examine the effects of two different environmental education programs on participants. In doing so this thesis assessed a Western Washington University study abroad program (Rainforest Immersion and Conservation Action) and a second WWU course, ESTU 436 environmental impact assessment. Both courses use service learning as a way to allow students to actively engage in the learning process and apply knowledge learned in the classroom to real world issues. Although similar in structure, the RICA program benefits from providing an immersion experience and a multi-disciplinary approach. The author hypothesized that participants in the RICA program would display increased value reconstruction compared to students in ESTU 436 due to the holistic approach taken in the RICA program. Results were analyzed from three different methodological approaches. The results from all three approaches support the hypothesis. This research adds new lenses through which to view environmental education, and builds upon previous research that has combined multiple approaches to improve results. This research benefits the environmental movement as a whole. It also benefits individuals such as: educators, researchers, environmental organizations, and any other individuals seeking to improve their attempts to foster pro-environmental change
Gender Politics and Social Class in Atwood’s Alias Grace Through a Lens of Pronominal Reference
No full textIn 1843, a 16-year-old Canadian housemaid named Grace Marks was tried for the murder of her employer and his mistress. The jury delivered a guilty verdict and the trial made headlines throughout the world. Nevertheless, opinion remained resolutely divided about Marks in terms of considering her a scorned woman who had taken out her rage on two, innocent victims, or an unwitting victim herself, implicated in a crime she was too young to understand. In 1996 Canadian author Margaret Atwood reconstructs Grace’s story in her novel Alias Grace. Our analysis probes the story of Grace Marks as it appears in the Canadian television miniseries Alias Grace, consisting of 6 episodes, directed by Mary Harron and based on Margaret Atwood’s novel, adapted by Sarah Polley. The series premiered on CBC on 25 September 2017 and also appeared on Netflix on 3 November 2017. We apply a qualitative (corpus-driven) and qualitative (discourse analytical) approach to examine pronominal reference for what it might reveal about the gender politics and social class in the language of the miniseries. Findings reveal pronouns ‘I’, ‘their’, and ‘he’ in episode 5 of the miniseries highly correlate with both the distinction of gender and social class. These patterns of repetition are indicative of the discourse structure of the TV miniseries Alias Grace
ქალთა ნარატივი ელის მანროს ნაწარმოებში ,,გაქცევა’’
No full textAlice Munro, the contemporary Canadian English-language writer who proved the importance of the short story as a genre by receiving the Nobel Prize in 2013, is undoubtedly an interesting author in terms of researching women\u27s narrative. Although most of Munro\u27s stories are set in the Harron Country, by using those regional features, customs, and traditions, Munro creates universal texts just like William Faulkner and Flannery O\u27Connor of his time. Like Faulkner and O\u27Connor, Munro\u27s characters often confront deep-rooted and time-worn customs or traditions, but Munro\u27s characters\u27 reactions are generally less severe than those of his Southern counterparts. In addition, Munro\u27s male characters are of one type, monotonous and boring, while female characters are more complex, peculiar and distinctive. The present paper analyses Alice Munro\u27s short story collection Runaway (2004), paying particular attention to the title story. The collection consists of eight short stories. The main unifier of the stories about women of seemingly different ages and statuses is the desire to escape, which is caused by various reasons (unhappy marriage, family problems, running away from a provincial town in search of adventure). It is also interesting that the second, third and fourth stories of the collection tell about the same character, Juliet, and different episodes and stages of her life, which Pedro Almadovar even made into a movie in 2016. While Munro divides the story of "Juliet" into three independent stories, but united by the main character, the eighth story of the collection is in five parts and covers the life of the main character, Nancy. This decision of Munro is not accidental, and with this action, he once again emphasizes the innovations he brought to the genre of the story
Glee 1965
No full text57th annual GleeGlee 1965 was dedicated to Dr. Daniel Schulze.The winning class of Glee 1965 was the Sophomores (class of 1967) with the winning song “Willamette, Hail Our Alma Mater”; Second Place - Juniors (class of 1966) Song: I Am Willamette; Third Place - Seniors (class of 1965) Song: A Good Cheer to Willamette; Fourth Place - Freshmen (class of 1968) Song: Praise to WillametteManagers: Dennis Cole; Executives: Ken Rice, Laurie Monnes, Tammy Morrison, Peggy Shaffer; Program: Paul Cooper, Karen Swim, Gail Whittier, Sandi Updenkelder, Jean Lawther, Tom Branford, Ron Hoevet, Pete Wallmark; Publicity: Craig Chastain, Susan Trullinger, Maridi Buell, Sally Harron, Jane Wisser, Shirley Baird, Bea Berry, Mary Watkins, Bret Anderson, Rich Monteith, Paul Eaton, Martin Rohrer; Tickets: Gary Backlund, Suzi Corcoran, Susie Shepard, Roberta Payne, Harriet Russell, Mike Aoki, Dave Ashby, Tom Angelo; Stage: Dean Guyer, Daran Dauble, Tom Smith, Bob Riensche, Wayne Kinunen, Montee Kennedy, Paul Garman; Formation: Joe Hughes (65), Roger Bergmann ('66), John Erickson ('67), Russ Francis ('68); Class Song Leaders: Jeff Heatherington ('65), Sandy Cook ('66), Dave Welch ('67), Thomas Mathiesen ('68); Backdrop: Pete Harmon, Sharon Lehrer, Caroline Smith, Marin Pearse, Ena Smith, Nancy Raynes, Lenore Hall, Viki Johnson, Viki Johnson, Marsha Linville, Jim Kingwell, Mike Bennett; Decorations: Tim Haring, Judy McWain, Mary Beth Bare, Dee Hammond, Millie Kennedy, Jackie May, Charlotte Langford, Kathie Donald, Linda Putman, Nancy Adams, Donna Robinson, Lori Barker, Julie Cramer, Nancy Henry, Renda Brummell, Ann Whiting, Steve Burdick, Curt Lorenz, Mike Arant, John Yaple, Mel Bryson, Warren Glaede, John Wear, Larry Paulson; Entertainment: John Thomas, Jan Bell, Julie Cramer, Becky Rudin, Patty Krier; Souvenirs: Doug Courson, Jane Pollock, Barb Montfort, Cynthia Dudley, Sue Cox, Nancy Wintz, Stella Jones, Ed Whitehead, Bruce Purvine, Sam Felix, Mike Scott; Records: Brian Gard, Toni Wolff, Barb Cone, Nancy Miller, Marilyn Hanson, Debbie Tracy, John Orr; Music: Jeff Heatherington ('65), Cathy Boutelle ('65), Claudia Farrow ('65), Paul Huebner ('66), Dave Welch ('67), Thomas Mathiesen ('68), Clayton Morris ('68); Lyrics: Paul Wynne ('65), Paul Huebner ('66), Dave Welch ('67), John Erickson ('67), Thomas Mathiesen ('68), Clayton Morris ('68
Author Correction: COVID-19 vaccination coverage for half a million non-EU migrants and refugees in England.
No full textTracing river chemistry in space and time : dissolved inorganic constituents of the Fraser River, Canada
No full textAuthor Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 124 (2014): 283-308, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.09.006.The Fraser River basin in southwestern Canada bears unique geologic and climatic features which make it an ideal setting for investigating the origins, transformations and delivery to the coast of dissolved riverine loads under relatively pristine conditions. We present results from sampling campaigns over three years which demonstrate the lithologic and hydrologic controls on fluxes and isotope compositions of major dissolved inorganic runoff constituents (dissolved nutrients, major and trace elements, 87Sr/86Sr, δD). A time series record near the Fraser mouth allows us to generate new estimates of discharge-weighted concentrations and fluxes, and an overall chemical weathering rate of 32 t km-2 y-1. The seasonal variations in dissolved inorganic species are driven by changes in hydrology, which vary in timing across the basin. The time series record of dissolved 87Sr/86Sr is of particular interest, as a consistent shift between higher (“more radiogenic”) values during spring and summer and less radiogenic values in fall and winter demonstrates the seasonal variability in source contributions throughout the basin. This seasonal shift is also quite large (0.709 – 0.714), with a discharge-weighted annual average of 0.7120 (2 s.d. = 0.0003). We present a mixing model which predicts the seasonal evolution of dissolved 87Sr/86Sr based on tributary compositions and water discharge. This model highlights the importance of chemical weathering fluxes from the old sedimentary bedrock of headwater drainage regions, despite their relatively small contribution to the total water flux.This work was supported by the WHOI Academic Programs Office and MIT PAOC Houghton Fund to BMV, a WHOI Arctic Research Initiative grant to ZAW, NSF-ETBC grant OCE-0851015 to BPE and TIE, and NSF grant EAR-1226818 to BPE
The lads from New Ireland :a textual and audience analysis of marginalised masculinities in contemporary Irish film.
No full textIn the mid- to late-1990s, Irish Cinema underwent a radical shift, which entailed, among other significant features, a thematic trajectory from the rural to the urban,
from the historical to the contemporary and from the local to the universal. This shift also involved a radical reconfiguration of cinematic masculinities, not only in relation to the representation of male characters but also in terms of how masculinity as discourse was being addressed. The earlier critiques of traditional patriarchal
masculinity, which emerged from a more politically-engaged and less commercial period in Irish filmmaking, began to give way to more ambiguous, male-centered narratives, whose protagonists resist unequivocal ideological categorisation. What is most striking about this new cycle of male-themed and male-oriented films is their preoccupation with underclass, criminal and socially-marginalised masculinities at the height of the Celtic Tiger, a time of unprecedented economic prosperity in Ireland. Although Ireland’s increased prosperity has also brought forth a number of urban, middle-class films featuring new, gay and reconstructed men {About Adam, Goldfish Memory and When Brendan Met Trudy), the enduring centrality and popularity over the past decade of ‘indigenised’ versions of a number of male-oriented (sub)genres from elsewhere merits particular attention. This thesis explores the changing
discursive constructions of masculinity which characterise this strand of contemporary Irish filmmaking and the varying meanings and pleasures which they offer to different subsections of the male audience
Public bodies, private moments : method acting and American cinema in the 1950s
No full textThe thesis deals with two central issues:
a) the construction of a framework for the study of film acting which places
performance in a cultural context
b) the cultural significance of Method acting during the 1950s with specific
reference to American cinema of the period
The first chapter considers the ways in which the voice and body in film acting are made
meaningful in the context of beliefs about acting and personal identity. The chapter also
proposes ways for situating the practical activity of film acting in a context of cultural
production.
The remaining chapters study the cultural significance of Method acting through
separate analyses of the Method technique, style, representation of gender, and image of
star performance. Readings of the Method technique and style are placed in the context of
a `culture of personality', in which the significance of the Method was produced in the
ways that acting signified beliefs about personal identity. The discussion of the Method
style is then developed in the analysis of the ways in which the style was used in film
melodramas to represent the gendered anxieties of the rebel hero. Finally, Marlon
Brando's image and performances are studied for how the actor personified the meaning
of the Method. Together, technique, style, gender representation, and stardom, are
studied as various aspects of what is called the Method discourse
