1,720,976 research outputs found
Older Driver Support System Field Operational Test
No full textOlder drivers represent the highest injury and fatality rate per 100 million miles driven. The disproportionate fatality risk is linked to several known factors, ranging from failure to yield to cognitive and visual limitations to seatbelt use abstention to fragility. Through a series of focus groups, usability tests, and a controlled field test, a universally designed smartphone app (called RoadCoach) designed to reduce risky driving behaviors, such as speeding and hard braking, was previously found to have high usability among older drivers. The current research consisted of a field operational test of the app, which examined the baseline driving behavior (3 weeks) of 28 older drivers in Minnesota and Kansas, their driving behavior with RoadCoach feedback (6 weeks), and their driving behavior during a follow-up, no-feedback period (3 weeks). The results demonstrated marginal reductions in speeding behaviors while the app was functioning, but speed behaviors significantly increased after the feedback was discontinued compared to when it was active. Hard braking and stop sign violations were significantly reduced during feedback and post feedback. Finally, satisfaction and trust were high among users, with drivers reporting that the app helped improve their attention and focus on the task of driving.Libby, David A.; Morris, Nichole L.; Craig, Curtis M.. (2019). Older Driver Support System Field Operational Test. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/203524
Evaluation of Sustained Enforcement, Education, and Engineering Measures on Pedestrian Crossings
Full text linkPedestrian fatalities and injuries represent a growing percentage of all traffic fatalities and injuries. This project used a multifaceted approach to improving compliance to the Minnesota crosswalk law in Saint Paul, Minnesota, including: (1) education, (2) measurement, (3) enforcement efforts, (4) social norming, and (5) engineering treatment. The multifaceted activities were planned and implemented in Saint Paul with city traffic engineers and enforcement officers. The study initially observed 32% yielding and frequent multiple threat passing at 16 unsignalized, marked crosswalks throughout Saint Paul, measured through staged pedestrian crossings by the research team. A program was implemented that used a phased treatment approach of disseminating educational materials, conducting four waves of high visibility enforcement (HVE), displaying yielding averages on feedback signs across the city, and introducing low-cost engineering solutions through in-street signs. The results demonstrated a significant impact from education, HVE, and engineering to increase yielding to as high as 78% at enforcement sites and 61% at untreated sites. Multiple threat passing was also reduced. Overall, the study demonstrated that the HVE program and combined low-cost engineering were effective at improving compliance to the crosswalk law.Morris, Nichole L.; Craig, Curtis M.; Van Houten, Ron. (2019). Evaluation of Sustained Enforcement, Education, and Engineering Measures on Pedestrian Crossings. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/208696
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Minnesota MNCrash Design and Training Research Development
No full textThis report includes research activities that focused on the MNCrash interface design and training. A series of usability tests was conducted on the existing MNCrash interface system to document errors, frustrations, or confusion points that could be improved through iterative design and training. Usability testing with MNCrash users revealed that the majority of problems were related to detail and efficiency. Next, design recommendations were developed based on a set of criteria to reduce error and user frustration and to improve efficiency and user satisfaction. The outcome resulted in the implementation of several design change recommendations with a focus on addressing more accurate and complete data. To follow, a decision aid prototype was developed to determine if there were measurable effects of increasing accuracy of injury severity reporting for law enforcement participants. The prototype received high-level support, produced good usability, and increased accuracy in injury severity reporting. Finally, to complement the interface design recommendations, a training was developed to address knowledge gaps and improve accuracy in crash data reporting for law enforcement officers. The training was created on Rise360, an e-learning platform. Several iterations and user testing with law enforcement participants and crash reporting experts resulted in a final training design that consisted of an introductory module, eight core modules, eight quizzes, and a concluding module. The training produced good usability and user satisfaction recommended for implementation.The authors would like to acknowledge the Minnesota Department of Public Safety for funding and supporting this project.Morris, Nichole L.; Schwieters, Katelyn R.; Craig, Curtis M.. (2020). Minnesota MNCrash Design and Training Research Development. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/217223
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Sound Localization Data of 29 Participants in Bicycle Alarm Development Study collected in 2018 at the University of Minnesota
No full textThe headings in the .csv data file represent:
participant: participant number
order: order of sound presentations
trial: trial number
SoundType: b (experimental sound) or c (car horn sound)
Degreeloc: with 0 degrees as directly in front, this represents the degree at which the sound was presented, on a circle. -45 is front left, -90 is left, -135 is left rear, 135 is right rear, 90 is right, 45 is front right.
Degreeresp_loc: this is the same metric as Degreeloc, but indicates the direction of the participant's response to where they thought the sound was coming from.
SourceLocation: The direction of the sound written in directional terms (e.g., front, left rear, etc.)
ResponseLocation: The direction of the participant's response to the sound direction, written in directional terms.
ResponseError: The difference between the degree of location of the sound source, and the degree of the location of the participant's response.
Corrected_ResponseError: This treats all differences reported in ResponseError as the minimum difference in degrees between sound source and response location, with a maximum possible difference of 180 degrees (i.e., opposite direction of sound and response).
ResponseConfidence: participant's reported confidence in the accuracy of their response, on a scale of 0 to 100.
Correct Response: Whether the participant correctly identified the location of the sound, with 0 being incorrect, and 1 being correct.
Incorrect Response: Whether the participant incorrectly identified the location of the sound, with 0 being correct, and 1 being incorrect.This data file represents de-identified raw data from a sound localization experiment with 29 participants. Participants heard an experimental sound (Sound A.wav) or a car horn sound (vehicle045.wav) and had to indicate which direction of the sound. Also included are the sound files used in the study.National Science Foundation (Grant/Award 1631133)Morris, Nichole L; Craig, Curtis M. (2020). Sound Localization Data of 29 Participants in Bicycle Alarm Development Study collected in 2018 at the University of Minnesota. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM), https://doi.org/10.13020/a3n7-tz37
Examining Optimal Sight Distances at Rural Intersections
Full text linkDecisions made regarding driver sight distance at rural intersections are complex and require considerations for safety, efficiency, and environmental factors. Sight distance, cross-traffic velocity, and vehicle placements significantly affect driver judgment and behavior atthese intersections. A series of rural, two-lane thru-STOP simulated intersections with differing sight distances and traffic speeds were created and then validated by county and state engineers. Experimental data from 36 participants in a time-to-collision (TTC) intersection crossing judgment task and a rural highway thru-STOP intersection driving simulation task was analyzed to clarify the influence of rural thru-STOP intersection characteristics on driving performance and decision-making. Results demonstrated that longer sight distances of1,000 ft. and slower crossing speeds (i.e., 55 mph) were more accommodating for participants attempting to select gaps and cross from the minor road, corresponding with (1) lower mental workload, perceived risk, difficulty, and anxiousness, and (2) better performance in terms of estimated crash rate, and larger TTCs. Second, longer distances of 1,000 ft. appear to aid drivers’ responsiveness on the main road approaching an intersection, specifically when another driver on the minor road runs the stop sign. Minor road drivers positioned close tothe roadway at the stop sign, compared to standard stop bar placement, tended to help reduce the speed of main road drivers. Overall,results demonstrated a systematic improvement in the performance of both minor and major road drivers with the implementation of a1,000-foot sight distance at rural thru-STOP intersections.Morris, Nichole L.; Craig, Curtis M.; Achtemeier, Jacob D.. (2019). Examining Optimal Sight Distances at Rural Intersections. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/208697
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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