1,721,031 research outputs found
The sociality-health-fitness nexus: synthesis, conclusions and future directions
No full textThis theme issue has highlighted the links between sociality, health and fitness in a broad range of organisms, and with approaches that include field and captive studies of animals, comparative and meta-analyses, theoretical modelling and clinical and psychological studies of humans. In this concluding chapter, we synthesize the results of these diverse studies into some of the key concepts discussed in this issue, focusing on risks of infectious disease through social contact, the effects of competition in groups on susceptibility to disease, and the integration of sociality into research on life-history trade-offs. Interestingly, the studies in this issue both support pre-existing hypotheses, and in other ways challenge those hypotheses. We focus on unexpected results, including a lack of association between ectoparasites and fitness and weak results from a meta-analysis of the links between dominance rank and immune function, and place these results in a broader context. We also review relevant topics that were not covered fully in this theme issue, including self-medication and sickness behaviours, society-level defences against infectious disease, sexual selection, evolutionary medicine, implications for conservation biology and selective pressures on parasite traits. We conclude by identifying general open questions to stimulate and guide future research on the links between sociality, health and fitness
Epidemiological Model and Weighted Edgelists of Contacts Among Cattle Herds in the Dry and Wet Season in Central Kenya
No full textThe edgelists can be used to simulate disease spread in the wet or dry season using the modeling code in OPC_cattle_model_DRUM.R. A dynamic edgelist (edges.dynamic.dry.csv or edges.dynamic.wet.csv) should be read into the modeling code as part of the read.csv(file.choose()) function. The code should be run in entirety to load the function Net.model(). Then run Net.model() to produce the output. See the Readme.txt file for more details.This data consists of weighted edgelists representing the frequency with which mobile herds of cattle came into contact with one another in central Kenya. In addition, code is included that simulates the spread of a pathogen through the cattle network. This data can be used to better understand patterns of contact among cattle herds and its implication for the spread of pathogens.This project was funded by NSF Grant CNH-1313822 to B.F.A.; M.G. was funded by the University of Minnesota Veterinary Summer Scholars program; M.E.C. was funded by National Science Foundation (DEB-1413925) and the University of Minnesota’s Office of the Vice President for Research and Academic Health Center Seed Grant.VanderWaal, Kimberly; Gilbertson, Marie; Okanga, Sharon; Allan, Brian F.; Craft, Meggan E.. (2017). Epidemiological Model and Weighted Edgelists of Contacts Among Cattle Herds in the Dry and Wet Season in Central Kenya. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/D60D42
Supplementary video recording of carp feeding aggregations at corn baited feeding sites in a nearby lake in New Brighton, Minnesota, USA
No full textA video recording of carp feeding aggregations at corn baited feedings sites in New Brighton, Minnesota, USA (Long Lake: 69.8 hectare, maximum depth 8 m, ~ 45km NE of Parley Lake). Videos were recorded using a Micro plus 5 camera (Aqua-Vu, Brainerd, MN, USA), placed ~1m from the bait. Videos were recorded between 16:00 and 22:00 in 2018 (26, 28 September & 1,2,7 October). We have included one video from 26 September 2018 to help visualize carp group feeding at a baitSupplementary video recording showing carp feeding as reference for the paper: Social associations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio): insights from induced feeding aggregations for targeted management strategies. Included is one video from 26 September 2018.Hundt, Peter J; White, Lauren A; Craft, Meggan E; Bajer, Przemyslaw G. (2021). Supplementary video recording of carp feeding aggregations at corn baited feeding sites in a nearby lake in New Brighton, Minnesota, USA. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM), https://doi.org/10.13020/m21j-ww77
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Network connectivity patterns of Minnesota waterbodies and implications for aquatic invasive species prevention
No full textThe data sets contain annual and weekly simulated boater movements. The annual movement data are provided in .csv format. The weekly movement data are in .txt format. We provided an example python script to demonstrate how to load the weekly boater movement data.The data contains simulated boater movements across lakes in the state of Minnesota (MN). The data were simulated based on the boater inspection program conducted by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources in 2014-2017. Using the inspection survey, we employed machine learning technique, XGBoost, to construct three predictive boater movement models. First, we predicted the number of boater traffic on a lake for a year. Second, we predicted the boater connection between any pair of lakes in MN. Third, we predicted the number of boaters between two lakes that were predicted to have connection.Funding for this project was provided by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC) and the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR).Kao, Szu-Yu; Enns, Eva A; Tomamichel, Megan; Doll, Adam; Escobar, Luis E; Qiao, Huijie; Craft, Meggan E; Phelps, Nicholas B. D.. (2020). Network connectivity patterns of Minnesota waterbodies and implications for aquatic invasive species prevention. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM), https://doi.org/10.13020/DJW8-2V86
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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