177,308 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The influence of maternal metabolic health on placental lipids and the modulatory effects of myo-inositol
No full textFactors affecting fetal development also influence health in utero and in postnatal life. One of the primary determinants of fetal growth and development is the placenta. The placenta supplies the fetus with maternal nutrients and clears waste from the fetal blood. The placenta also mediates maternal-fetal communication with placental hormones adapting maternal metabolism to support the pregnancy, and the placenta mediating fetal responses to maternal signals. Pre-existing and antenatal maternal metabolic dysregulation is known to be associated with unfavourable outcomes for the offspring such as excessive fetal growth, prematurity and later diabetes and obesity. It has been proposed that placental inositol modulates placental lipid metabolism and consequently impacts fetal health and development. Maternal metabolic health, e.g., maternal diabetes, can affect postnatal outcomes and I hypothesise that this is mediated via the placenta. An important question is whether intervention given pre-conception and during pregnancy can influence placental function and therefore pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth and gestational length. The NiPPeR randomised control trial is a dietary intervention that was taken before conception and throughout pregnancy, the intervention was found to reduce the incidence of preterm birth. If this is mediated via the placenta, it would be important to determine potential mechanisms. To assess the potential influence of GDM and maternal obesity, endogenous placental lipids were measured and analysed to identify potential associations in chapter 3. Placental lipids were measured via LC-MS/MS and inositol measured via a Megazyme assay. GDM placenta showed increases in 11 triacylglycerols ; greatest effects were in TG52:3 (correlation coefficient 0.812, p = 0.013) and TG56:6 (0.806, p = 0.009) and decreases in 6 phospholipids greatest effect was in phosphatidylinositol (PI) 36:3 (-0.779, p = 0.011). Adjustment for total placental inositol content attenuated all associations with Triacylglycerols, but not those with phospholipids and the diacylglycerol. Conversely, maternal BMI positively associated with phospholipids with no change in associations upon inositol adjustment. The alterations in placental lipid content associated with GDM were distinct from those seen in response to maternal BMI. In addition, placental lipids in GDM, but not BMI, were modulated by placental inositol. The effect of the NiPPeR randomised control trial on the association of maternal metabolic health and placental lipids was determined in chapter 4. Lipids from NiPPeR placental biopsies were measured via LCMS/MS. I found that fasting glucose was associated with increased triacylglycerols in the control group while this response was modulated by the NiPPeR intervention. However, this response was not due to the myo-inositol content of the NiPPeR intervention despite a demonstrable increase in placental inositol content. In chapter 5, to study the impact of NiPPeR on placental lipid metabolism, placental biopsies were incubated with 13C-labelled fatty acids in vitro to study profiles of newly ii synthesized 13C-labelled lipids. Chapter 5 experiments assessed placental lipid processing activity in vitro, newly synthesised 13C-lipid were quantified after 48 h exposure to 13C - labelled FA. In the NiPPeR-control group, increasing pre-conception HOMA2-IR (a measure of insulin resistance) was positively associated with 13C-labelled arachidonic acid lipids lipids including diacylglycerol 38:4 (P=0.002), phosphatidylcholine (PC) 40:8 (P=0.004) and PC 36:4 (P=0.004). In the intervention group, alterations in all lipids were moderated towards a physiological mean. No significant changes were seen in 13C-labelled docosahexaenoic acid, palmitic acid or oleic acid lipid enrichment with increasing preconception HOMA2-IR in either the control or intervention groups. The potential impact of preconception maternal insulin resistance on placental lipid metabolism is fatty acid specific and may be modulated by the NiPPeR nutritional intervention which started preconception. Moderation of AA metabolism maybe a contributory factor to the reduction in preterm birth observed with the NiPPeR intervention. This work provides further evidence for the effect of maternal metabolic state on the placenta and highlights the potential for a nutritional intervention to affect the placenta. I present evidence that the maternal metabolic state affected placental lipids and that placental inositol can moderate the relationship between GDM and placental lipids. The NiPPeR intervention containing myo-inositol could moderate the relationship between maternal insulin resistance and placental lipids composition and metabolism, which may affect the timing of onset of labour. This thesis demonstrates in principle that maternal dietary intervention can affect placental lipid metabolism and further work could develop interventions that alter placental function to benefit the fetus
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
Probing the antagonistic effect of toluene as a component in surrogate fuel models at low temperatures and high pressures. A case study of toluene/dimethyl ether mixtures
No full textThere is a dearth of experimental data which examine the fundamental low-temperature ignition (T < 900 K) behavior of toluene resulting in a lack of data for the construction, validation, and interpretation of chemical kinetic models for commercial fuels. In order to gain a better understanding of its combustion chemistry, dimethyl ether (DME) has been used as a radical initiator to induce ignition in this highly knock resistant aromatic, and its influence on the combustion of toluene ignition was studied in both shock tube and rapid compression machines as a function of temperature (624–1459 K), pressure (20–40 atm), equivalence ratio (0.5–2.0), and blending ratio (100% toluene, 76% toluene (76T/24D), 58% toluene (58T/42D), 26% toluene (26T/74D) and 100% DME).
Several literature chemical kinetic models are used to interpret our experimental results. For mixtures containing high concentrations of toluene at low-temperatures none of these are capable of reproducing experiment. This implies an incomplete understanding of the low-temperature oxidation pathways which control its ignition in our experimental reactors, and by extension, in spark- (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engines, and an updated detailed chemical kinetic model is presented for engineering applications.
Model analyses indicate that although the initial fate of the fuel is dominated by single-step H-atom abstraction reactions from both the benzylic and phenylic sites, the subsequent fate of the allylic and vinylic radicals formed is much more complex. Further experimental and theoretical endeavors are required to gain a holistic qualitative and quantitative chemical kinetics based understanding of the combustion of pure toluene, toluene blends, and commercial fuels containing other aromatic components, at temperatures of relevance to SI and CI engines.The work at NUI Galway was supported by the European Commission Marie Curie Transfer of Knowledge Scheme (FP7) pursuant to Contract PIAP-GA-2013-610897 GENFUEL. The work at Xi’an Jiaotong University was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91541115). The work at LLNL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office (program managers Gurpreet Singh and Leo Breton) and performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.2018-07-1
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