30,303 research outputs found
Selective COX-2 inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction
No full textSelective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase- 2 ( COX- 2, ` coxibs') are highly effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs that exert their action by preventing the formation of prostanoids. Recently some coxibs, which were designed to exploit the advantageous effects of non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs while evading their side effects, have been reported to increase the risk of myocardial infarction and atherothrombotic events. This has led to the withdrawal of rofecoxib from global markets, and warnings have been issued by drug authorities about similar events during the use of celecoxib or valdecoxib/ parecoxib, bringing about questions of an inherent atherothrombotic risk of all coxibs and consequences that should be drawn by health care professionals. These questions need to be addressed in light of the known effects of selective inhibition of COX- 2 on the cardiovascular system. Although COX- 2, in contrast to the cyclooxygenase-1 ( COX- 1) isoform, is regarded as an inducible enzyme that only has a role in pathophysiological processes like pain and inflammation, experimental and clinical studies have shown that COX- 2 is constitutively expressed in tissues like the kidney or vascular endothelium, where it executes important physiological functions. COX- 2- dependent formation of prostanoids not only results in the mediation of pain or inflammatory signals but also in the maintenance of vascular integrity. Especially prostacyclin ( PGI(2)), which exerts vasodilatory and antiplatelet properties, is formed to a significant extent by COX- 2, and its levels are reduced to less than half of normal when COX- 2 is inhibited. This review outlines the rationale for the development of selective COX- 2 inhibitors and the pathophysiological consequences of selective inhibition of COX- 2 with special regard to vasoactive prostaglandins. It describes coxibs that are currently available, evaluates the current knowledge on the risk of atherothrombotic events associated with their intake and critically discusses the consequences that should be drawn from these insights. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel
Generating Survival Times to Simulate Cox Proportional Hazards Models
No full textThis paper discusses techniques to generate survival times for simulation studies regarding Cox proportional hazards models. In linear regression models, the response variable is directly connected with the considered covariates, the regression coefficients and the simulated random errors. Thus, the response variable can be generated from the regression function, once the regression coefficients and the error distribution are specified. However, in the Cox model, which is formulated via the hazard function, the effect of the covariates have to be translated from the hazards to the survival times, because the usual software packages for estimation of Cox models require the individual survival time data. A general formula describing the relation between the hazard and the corresponding survival time of the Cox model is derived. It is shown how the exponential, the Weibull and the Gompertz distribution can be used to generate appropriate survival times for simulation studies. Additionally, the general relation between hazard and survival time can be used to develop own distributions for special situations and to handle flexibly parameterized proportional hazards models. The use of other distributions than the exponential distribution only is indispensable to investigate the characteristics of the Cox proportional hazards model, especially in non-standard situations, where the partial likelihood depends on the baseline hazard
Mary Ann Cox Index: Royal Society Collection
No full textBurton-Wood: in a series of letters, by a lady (Mrs. - Cox nee Wight), London (printed for the author by H.D.Steel) 1783, vol.11
(octovo vol, leather bound)
Enclosed: note The book Burtonwood was written by the mother of
Mary Ann Cox who ran the first coach from Hobart to Launceston.
It was passed on to me by her grand-daughter Miss Dora Clerk of Malahide.
I also am a grand-daughter of Mrs. Cox. Joan Harvey
(John Edward Cox m. Mary Ann Halls
V.D.L. 1821 J.E.C. started Hobart-Launceston coach) - (note - Mrs.
Harvey's identification of the author of the volume was based on family
tradition although not confirmed - no details are known of John Edward
Cox's parents)
Poems by C(harles) Best c 1847 - 1849
Includes poems to Miss Wilmot (Georgiana Wilmot, - Mrs. C. Butler)
and Mary Wilmot.
Enclosed: note by Joan Harvey
Article on Mrs. Mary Ann Cox 1950.
A pioneer career woman (on coach service between Hobart - Launceston)
from "Woman's Day" Aug. 21, 1950 (news clipping)
R.S. 14
Author Reading and Signing: F. Brett Cox
No full textThis presentation was part of the 2009 Annual Conference of the Science Fiction Research Association. Presented on June 12, 2009 from 9:00 - 9:45 am in Whitman A of the Midtown Hotel in Atlanta, GA
(Palmer Cox's) Juvenile Budget.
No full textI am glad to have an excuse for including among fable editions this oversize book in terrible condition with board covers and almost no spine left. My excuse is that it contains LaFontaine's story about the two rats and the egg (Fables 9.19). Here the two rats have become three mice. Cox excells in lively grotesqueries, and this volume is no exception. The cheap paper and time have worked together to make the impressions of many of the engravings blotted. Unpaginated.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Palmer Co
Joseph Cox to Horace Kephart, January 14, 1928
No full textIn a letter to Horace Kephart on January 14, 1928, Joseph Cox writes from “Adventure” to give Kephart a compliment.THE BUTTERICK. PUBLISHING COMPANY
Butterick Building, New York, N. Y., U. S. A.
Editorial Office*
January 14, 1928.
Dear Mr. Kephart:
Sver sines a long time
ago when I heard a very hot argument decided instantly by a. reference to Horace
Kephart*s "Camping and Woodcraft," I have
had for that book the admiration and respect that one reserves for things that
stand authoritatively alone in their class,
Hots I have a cojjy of the book, inscribed
to me by the author. I am more pleased ...„;•
than I can say.
Horace Kephart, 3sq.,
Bryson City,
North Carolina.
JC:M
Thrombosis Is Reduced by Inhibition of COX-1, but Unaffected by Inhibition of COX-2, in an Acute Model of Platelet Activation in the Mouse
No full textThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Letter from Bernice Cox to William and Mary Green
No full textLetter from Bernice Cox, sister of a prisoner of war, to William and Mary Green about Smith Green's status as a prisoner of war.Raiford, Gla Jan. 27, 1945 Dear Mr. and Mrs. Green, Today we had a letter from my brother, Jack Bradley, who was captured by the Japanese when the Philippines fell and he sent your address and said your grandson was his buddy. Naturally we feel that we have a lot in common. I feel sure that it has been through the prayers of loved ones that the boys have held up so well and just hope and pray that it won't be too much longer before we can have them safe at home again. Jack wrote that his health was fair and he hoped we wouldn't worry about him. He also sent a list of things he would like to have in his next box. our instructions were not to try to send a box unless labels were sent. Are your instructions the same? We have only been able to send one box. We would appreciate hearing from you as to the different messages you have had from your Grandson, etc. Sincerely yours, Bernice Cox P.S. Maybe I should tell you that I am visiting my mother and father at Raiford. Mother will write to you in a few days. My address is: Mrs. G.L. Cox Grassview Farm Roswell, Ga. Mrs. G.L. Cox Grassview Farm Roswell, Ga. Jack Bradley's sister Mr. and Mrs. W.M. Green Box 426 Broken Bow, Oklahoma
Severity of lung injury in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice is dependent on reduced prostaglandin E-2 production
No full textLevels of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), a potent inhibitor of fibroblast function, are decreased in the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis, which has been shown to be because of limited expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). To further investigate the relative importance of COX-2 and PGE2 in the development of fibrosis we have used a selective COX-2 inhibitor and COX-2-deficient ((-/-) and (+/-)) mice in studies of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We demonstrate in wild-type mice that bleomycin-induced. p lung PGE(2) production is predominantly COX-2 mediated. Furthermore, COX-2(+/-) mice show limited induction of PGE2 and an enhanced fibrotic response with increased lung collagen content compared with wild-type mice after bleomycin injury (P < 0.001). In contrast, COX-2(-/-) mice show increased levels of lung PGE(2), compared with wild-type mice after injury (P < 0.05), because of compensatory up-regulation of COX-1, which appears to be associated with macrophage/monocytes but not fibroblasts derived from these mice. COX-2(-/-) mice show an enhanced and persistent inflammatory response to bleomycin, however the fibrotic response to injury was unaltered compared with wild-type animals. These data provide further direct evidence for the importance of up-regulating COX-2 and PGE(2) expression in protecting against the development of fibrosis after lung injury
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