1,721,021 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Hmx1 Function In Lateral Facial Development
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-08The oculoauricular syndrome (OAS) in humans, the “dumbo” and “misplaced ears” strains in mice, the “dumbo” strain in rats, and the “crop ear” phenotype in cattle, all converge on a single gene - Hmx1. It encodes a homeodomain transcription factor expressed in the developing eyes, peripheral nervous system, and posterior aspects of the first and second branchial arches (BA1 and BA2) which give rise to lateral craniofacial structures including the external ear. Current published literature on lateral craniofacial development and its associated anomalies is scarce. To enhance the knowledge in this field, we used high-resolution imaging tools and performed 3D morphological studies on staged mouse embryos and also on postnatal day 28 (adult) mice to characterize in detail the phenotype of the dumbo mutants. In addition to the rotated low-set position of the dumbo ear, a novel ear tag was found at the lower back of the pinna when dumbo mice were examined in a pure C57Bl6/N background. This structure could be identified as early as embryonic day (E)12. Abnormalities were also uncovered in adult dumbo mice: fusion in the squamosal and parietomastoid sutures, shape changes in the cranium and mandible, paraoccipital process hypoplasia, auriculofacial nerve deficits, and a lack of response to an air-blowing test. These all suggest Hmx1 is required for the development of lateral facial structures and proper neuromuscular reflex. Unlike the Hmx1 coding region mutations which were found responsible for the mouse phenotype and human OAS, our study with the dumbo rat strain showed that a 5.7 kb deletion, ~80 kb distal to the Hmx1 locus, is responsible for the rat dumbo phenotype. Transient transgenesis tests demonstrate that this deleted non-coding sequence encompasses a 594 bp Evolutionarily Conserved Region (ECR) that functions as an Hmx1 tissue-specific enhancer regulating the development of specific lateral and frontonasal mesenchyme. Future fate-mapping studies using this tissue-specific ECR will ultimately determine the specific craniofacial tissue types derived from the embryonic Hmx1-expressing mesenchyme. Studies of the Hmx1 regulatory network could provide a defined blueprint to interpret the genetic contribution to pinna morphogenesis and other birth defects associated with the lateral facial structures
Dissecting the role of the major cleft gene, IRF6, in primary palatal epithelia
Full text linkThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2012Mutations and common polymorphisms in Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) are associated with cleft lip/palate (CLP). IRF6 is expressed in the epithelium that mediates the outgrowth and contact of the embryonic tissue masses that fuse to form the upper lip and primary palate as well as in the epithelium that mediates fusion of the palatal shelves to form the secondary palate. Unfortunately, mice deficient in Irf6 display only secondary palatal clefts and abnormal intraoral adhesions but not classic CLP. To provide insights into the role of IRF6 in the pathogenesis of CLP, yeast two hybrid screens were performed to identify IRF6 protein interactors. Using this approach, NME2 was identified and confirmed as a bona fide IRF6 partner protein and this interaction is regulated by serine phosphorylation at the C-terminus of IRF6. In vivo studies revealed that NME2 co-localizes with IRF6 in the cytoplasm of primary palatal epithelial cells. Furthermore, NME1, the member of the NME family most closely related to NME2, heteromultimerizes with NME2 to form part of the same complex. Notably, NME proteins are NDP kinases that have been implicated in regulation of epithelial cell adhesion and E-cadherin endocytosis. The lack of a suitable IRF6 CLP model prompted the development of an in ovo electroporation protocol to facilitate use of the chick as an alternative model system. The application of a dominant negative form of IRF6 and shRNA constructs using this technique reproduced the phenotype seen in humans, demonstrating that IRF6 is required in epithelial cells to promote outgrowth and fusion of the facial prominences, with secondary effects on the differentiation of the underlying mesenchyme. It is proposed that localization and interactions of NME proteins with other factors may provide clues as to the cellular pathways in which IRF6 is involved, and therefore an explanation of the cellular etiology of the CLP. The data generated during this study have opened new directions not only for future studies on IRF6 itself, but in particular on the possible role of NME proteins in governing the behavior of facial epithelia during fusion of the primary palate and hence susceptibility to CLP
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Mechanisms in Midface Development and Dysmorphology
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-12Craniofacial asymmetry and dysmorphology in the sbse mutant mouse resembles the spectrum of anomalies associated with branchial arch disorders in human patients. Although relatively common, little is known about their etiology. Such disorders are characterized by mid- and lateral facial malformations, and are typically thought to be the result of a genetic or epigenetic events or insults during embryogenesis. In the mutant sbse variable midface asymmetry appears in concert with ectopic suture and synchondrosis fusion, postcranial defects, and ipsilateral ear phenotypes, within the first month after birth. In mutants, a rearrangement on Chromosome 4 disrupts the gene encoding Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (Plag1), a transcription factor associated with salivary gland tumor development. In this dissertation, I tested the role of Plag1 deficiency in the development of midface dysmorphology, and investigated the effect of the sbse mutation on embryonic gene expression
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