111 research outputs found
Re-envisioning the Theatre of the Absurd: The Lacanian Spectator and the Work of Fernando Arrabal, Arthur Adamov and Eugène Ionesco
Get PDFThis thesis considers the interface between the theatre of the absurd and Lacanian cultural criticism. It conceptualises a ‘theoretical spectator’ produced by the play texts and examines its implications for a politics of spectatorship in a postmodern age. This methodology seeks to escape the trap of existentialist criticism that has dominated ideas on the theatre of the absurd since Martin Esslin’s coining of the term in 1961. I posit the modern-day relevance of absurd theatre, by putting the plays under examination into dialogue with Lacanian and current post-Lacanian cultural and political thought. The chapters theorise various ‘spectatorial positions’ produced by three prominent playwrights of the theatre of the absurd: Eugène Ionesco, Arthur Adamov and Fernando Arrabal. I seek to confirm and bolster my theoretical arguments by turning to contemporary empirical reaction to modern-day performances of two other absurdists playwrights, Samuel Beckett and Jean Genet. One of the key postulates is that the theatre of these playwrights chimes with Lacan’s notion of the split subject. Etymologically, the word ‘absurd’ refers to division; thematically and aesthetically, absurd theatre bears witness to the erosion of subjective stability. The conceptual parity between Lacanian theory and absurd theatre permits me to stake out a new critical pathway with regard to this body of theatre that paves the way for its re-politicisation in a postmodern world
Re-envisioning the Theatre of the Absurd: The Lacanian Spectator and the Work of Fernando Arrabal, Arthur Adamov and Eugène Ionesco
No full textThis thesis considers the interface between the theatre of the absurd and Lacanian cultural criticism. It conceptualises a ‘theoretical spectator’ produced by the play texts and examines its implications for a politics of spectatorship in a postmodern age. This methodology seeks to escape the trap of existentialist criticism that has dominated ideas on the theatre of the absurd since Martin Esslin’s coining of the term in 1961. I posit the modern-day relevance of absurd theatre, by putting the plays under examination into dialogue with Lacanian and current post-Lacanian cultural and political thought. The chapters theorise various ‘spectatorial positions’ produced by three prominent playwrights of the theatre of the absurd: Eugène Ionesco, Arthur Adamov and Fernando Arrabal. I seek to confirm and bolster my theoretical arguments by turning to contemporary empirical reaction to modern-day performances of two other absurdists playwrights, Samuel Beckett and Jean Genet. One of the key postulates is that the theatre of these playwrights chimes with Lacan’s notion of the split subject. Etymologically, the word ‘absurd’ refers to division; thematically and aesthetically, absurd theatre bears witness to the erosion of subjective stability. The conceptual parity between Lacanian theory and absurd theatre permits me to stake out a new critical pathway with regard to this body of theatre that paves the way for its re-politicisation in a postmodern world
La comicità ad alta velocità Analisi di un'interpretazione simultanea dal francese all'italiano
No full textThis work focuses on the reproduction of humor in simultaneous interpreting, i.e., a mode of interpreting in which the speaker produces a speech and the interpreter reformulates it at the same time into a language that his/her audience understands. The data discussed was collected through an experiment carried out by the author, presenting two videos of the same speaker talking in the setting of Assemblée Nationale, in France. These two videos were interpreted from French into Italian by eleven students of the post-graduate Master’s Degree in Interpreting (University of Bologna). Their interpretation was provided and recorded online, on the Zoom platform, then transcribed and analyzed with a special focus on seven types of verbally expressed humor, namely: self-denigrating humor, teasing, sarcasm, irony, puns, exaggeration, putdowns, and anecdotes. Li’s (2013) classification of strategies implemented during simultaneous interpreting was used to discuss some excerpts from the interpreters’ renditions. The main findings of the qualitative analyses of interpreters’ renditions, although based on a small set of data, unraveled three main trends 1) humor becomes overall more explicit; 2) interpreters tend to omit details, as they do when interpreting speeches without humor, but this hinders the climax upon which humor is based; 3) when interpreters follow the speaker’s flow, reproducing his/her tone of voice and prosody, humor travels best. Since humor is everywhere, including in political speeches given in ‘serious’ contexts, it would be beneficial to raise awareness of its functions among young interpreters, highlighting the best strategies to use when faced with it in simultaneous interpreting
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Tribal Lands, Tribal Men, and Tribal Responsibilities: World Renewal Fathers With Criminal Records and Their Perceptions of Work and Fatherhood on and Off-Reservation
No full textThe spatial concentration of inequality is one of the most enduring findings in the social sciences (Sampson 2012, Sharkey 2013, Wilson 1987, 1996), yet these theories do not encompass the experience of rural tribal reservations. Reservations are home to deeply intransigent forms of poverty and unemployment and have been for generations (Calloway 2011, Henson 2008), underscoring the need to expand existing theories of marginalized labor force attachment to include tribal reservations. Comparing the experiences of men who live on and off the Yurok and Hoopa Valley tribal reservations in northwestern California, the author answers the question: how do tribal fathers with criminal records conceive of work and fatherhood?
Using over 130 hours of in-depth interviews with 35 individual cases buttressed by thirty months of participant observation and administrative record review, she finds that this population is distinguished by their “world renewal worldview.” This cultural tool-kit (Swidler 1986) fosters a strong labor force attachment, especially for jobs in the natural resource industries that resonate with tribal fathers’ conceptions of world renewal masculinity, in particular the expectation to provide for their families through stewardship of the area’s natural resources (Buckley 2002, Lara-Cooper & Lara 2019). Their commitment to work is in tension with a post-decline local economy and an extreme frequency of co-occurring substance dependencies and experiences of trauma, particularly on-reservation. Nonetheless, tribal fathers secured work by utilizing their individual initiative and the generosity of their social networks, thereby exemplifying the process of “survivance” (Vizenor 2008). While fathers differed in employment status, most described active and intense involvement with their families, both with their children and their domestic partners.
With this investigation, the author adds a new lens to studies of concentrated disadvantage by describing how the “reservation” represents both a physical space and a social institution that shapes contemporary inequality. Additionally, she nuances existing theorizations of how structural and cultural forces influence labor force attachment (Holzer 1996, Liebow 1967, Wilson 1996), social networks (Fernandez & Fernandez-Mateo 2006, Portes & Sensenbrenner 1993, Smith 2007, Portes & Manning 1985), and fatherhood (Edin et al. 2019, Edin & Nelson 2013, Roy 2006, Waller 2006) in marginalized communities.Social Polic
Performance evaluation of Machine Learning models in cervical cancer diagnosis: a systematic perspective
Get PDFIntroducción: El cáncer cervicouterino (CCU) es una de las neoplasias malignas más frecuentes a nivel mundial y una de las principales causas de mortalidad femenina. Recientemente, se han desarrollado herramientas basadas en inteligencia artificial para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad, basados en datos generados en el área de la salud. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue de evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico de los modelos de aprendizaje automático basados en datos sociodemográficos, epidemiológicos, y clínicos para la detección de CCU.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en las bases de PubMed, Scopus, Embase, sin límite de tiempo hasta 03/30/2024. El proceso de tamizaje se realizó por dos autores independientes mediante la plataforma Rayyan®, así como el proceso de evaluación de riesgo de sesgos, a través de la herramienta QUADAS-2. Los casos de disputa se resolvieron por medio de un tercer autor. El metaanálisis se realizó en el software Stata17®.
Resultados: En total se incluyeron 6 estudios, en los cuales los modelos de aprendizaje automático incluyeron variables demográficas, clínicas, e incluso de comportamiento. El metaanálisis evidenció que estos modelos presentaron valores de sensibilidad y especificidad de 0.97 (IC95% 0.90 – 0.99) y 0.96 (IC95% 0.92 – 0.98) respectivamente, (I2 = 49.00, Q = 25.29, p < 0.01).
Conclusiones: Estos modelos se presentan como una nueva herramienta diagnóstica, con altas medidas de sensibilidad y especificidad, entre otros valores, resaltando su rendimiento diagnóstico, los cuales podrían ser introducidos en programas de tamizaje para la detección oportuna de la enfermedad.Magíster en EpidemiologíaMaestríaIntroduction: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms worldwide and one of the main causes of female mortality. Recently, artificial intelligence-based tools have been developed for the diagnosis of this disease, based on data generated in the healthcare area. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of machine learning models based on sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical data for the detection of CC.
Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, with no time limit until March 30, 2024. The screening process was performed by two independent authors using the Rayyan® platform, as well the risk of bias assessment process, using the QUADAS-2 tool. Cases of dispute were resolved by a third author. The meta-analysis was performed in Stata17® software.
Results: A total of 6 studies were included, in which the machine learning models included demographic, clinical, and even behavioral variables. The meta-analysis showed that these models presented sensitivity and specificity values of 0.97 (95%CI 0.90 - 0.99) and 0.96 (95%CI 0.92 - 0.98), respectively (I2 = 49.00, Q = 25.29, p < 0.01).
Conclusions: These models are presented as a new diagnostic tool, with high sensitivity and specificity measures, among other values, highlighting their diagnostic performance, which could be introduced in screening programs for the timely detection of the disease. However, this systematic review discusses some issues that must be addressed to validate and include these models in clinical practice
Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes pediátricos con discapacidad auditiva
Get PDFPediatric patient with hearing impairment is the one who presents a lack of perception of sounds, in whole or in part, due to the absence or decrease of the mechanism at the anatomical or physiological level of hearing. They cannot hear and hinders the level of oral communication as consequence of it. The nursing staff directs its actions to address care about them. The language is essential to establish an empathic connection and thus determine the various needs presented by the pediatric user with disabilities auditory.
The main objective of this project is to identify the knowledge on the part of the nursing staff and their interventions in the management of pediatric patients with hearing impairment, in the Provincial General Teaching Hospital of Riobamba. This study is a descriptive type, a quantitative approach, with a estable population of fifty-four participants, comprising twenty-five nursing graduates, fifteen assistants and fourteen Nursing Rotary Interns. A previously validated survey was used as a data collection instrument, taken from the project: “The experience of nursing professionals in the care of deaf patients”, by the author María Lara Bielsa Antúnez. It was published in the journal “Nuberos Científica” in 2015 with the same collects sociodemographic, knowledge and intervention data. As a result, it is identifying that interventions by nurses in the management of pediatric patients with hearing impairment are regular-poor.El paciente pediátrico con discapacidad auditiva, es aquel que presenta una carencia en la percepción de sonidos, de manera total o parcial, debido a la ausencia o disminución del mecanismo a nivel anatómico o fisiológico de la audición, y tiene como mayor consecuencia la incapacidad de oír, lo que dificulta el nivel de la comunicación oral, por ello el personal de enfermería direcciona su accionar al cuidado directo, donde el lenguaje es indispensable para establecer una comunicación empática, y así lograr determinar las diversas necesidades que presenta el usuario pediátrico con discapacidad auditiva. El objetivo del presente proyecto es, identificar el conocimiento por parte del personal de enfermería y sus intervenciones en el manejo de pacientes pediátricos con discapacidad auditiva, en el Hospital Provincial General Docente de Riobamba. Es un estudio de tipo, descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, con una población establecida de 54 participantes, conformado por 25 licenciadas en enfermería, 15 auxiliares y 14 Internos Rotativos de enfermería; se empleó como instrumento recolector de datos, una encuesta previamente validada, tomada del proyecto: “La experiencia vivida del profesional de enfermería en la atención de pacientes sordos”, de la autora María Lara Bielsa Antúnez, publicada en la revista Nuberos Científica en el 2015, la misma que recoge datos sociodemográficos, de conocimiento e intervenciones. Como resultado se identificó que las intervenciones por parte del personal de enfermería en el manejo de pacientes pediátricos con discapacidad auditiva, es regular-pobre.UNACH,Sede Ecuado
Dressing the part : costuming of lesbian identities in contemporary film and television
Get PDFThis thesis examines lesbian costuming and dress in contemporary British and American
film and television, offering analyses of sartorial constructions of gay female identities in
modern media. It uses close textual analysis and interviews with producers and consumers
to examine the production, texts, and reception of selected representations, outlining current
social rituals of lesbian style. Interviews were held with Cynthia Summers, Lesley
Abernethy, Niamh Morrison, Catherine Adair, Janie Bryant, Tina Scorzafava and Mary Claire
Hannan about their designs. Spectators answered questions and responded to photographs
and a transcript. The thesis argues that the modern-day designer of lesbian costuming is
subject to a contradictory triangle of demands, encompassing the need for costume to
support character, resistance to stereotypes, and the recognition and perceived positive
politics of identifiable lesbianism. Chapters covering Lip Service and The L Word;
Desperate Housewives, Deadwood, and Mad Men, and Gillery’s Little Secret and The Kids
Are All Right examine differing results of these pressures. The thesis argues that while
anxiety over ‘butch’ stereotypes and heteronormative mainstream demands for assimilation
play a part in the overwhelming ‘femininity’ of many examples, an increase in lesbian
visibility has also paradoxically instigated a shift away from specificity in media
representations through dress because lesbianism is no longer seen as a ‘story’. It suggests
that lesbian authorship and using real-life lesbian styles as costume inspiration may offer a
way out of the stereotype vs. ‘authentic’ imagery impasse without erasing recognisably
lesbian iconography. Finally, the thesis concludes that the production, text and reception of
contemporary lesbian images at times comprises a complete circuit of communication, with
production decisions and everyday practices of lesbian dress both echoing and informing
one another
The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics' resources: focus on curated databases
Get PDFThe SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (www.isb-sib.ch) provides world-class bioinformatics databases, software tools, services and training to the international life science community in academia and industry. These solutions allow life scientists to turn the exponentially growing amount of data into knowledge. Here, we provide an overview of SIB's resources and competence areas, with a strong focus on curated databases and SIB's most popular and widely used resources. In particular, SIB's Bioinformatics resource portal ExPASy features over 150 resources, including UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ENZYME, PROSITE, neXtProt, STRING, UniCarbKB, SugarBindDB, SwissRegulon, EPD, arrayMap, Bgee, SWISS-MODEL Repository, OMA, OrthoDB and other databases, which are briefly described in this article
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