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Endodontic treatment of the deciduous tooth [Il trattamento endodontico del dente deciduo]
No full textOBJECTIVES Carious pathology has a progres-sively degenerative trend which in the absence of adequate treatment can lead to injure the pulp organ, imposing an endodontic approach to the dental element. The aim of this work is to provide the clinical indications, the methods to be undertaken in the end-odontic treatment of the primary teeth, as well as the choice of the most suitable materials, in order to obtain predictable therapeutic results and safeguard the integrity of the elements involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Endodontic treatment of the primary teeth basically provides two types of procedures: pulpotomy and pulpectomy. Pulpotomy is the endodontic treatment indicated for dental elements where there is exposure of the pulp organ following the re-moval of infected tissue, or con-sequently to a trauma. To carry out the aforementioned treatment it is necessary that the dental elements involved do not show signs of pulp suffering, neither clinical nor radiographic. The pulpotomy procedure involves the removal of the dental tissue affected by carious lesion, the opening of the pulp chamber and the removal of the chamber pulp tissue. Subse-quently, the most suitable material is applied in contact with the root pulp, and finally coronal reconstruction is performed. The purpose of this treatment is to preserve the vitality of the root pulp by promoting a physiological rizalysis process in order to ensure the maintenance of the dental arch space. Pulpectomy is a treatment that involves the removal of the entire pulp organ, both coronal and ra-dicular, and is indicated in cases where the pulp is irreversibly in-flamed or non-vital due to ad-vanced carious lesions or trauma. Following the cavity cleaning and the chamber opening, we pro-ceed, after detecting the working length with the electronic apex lo-cator, with the instrumentation and disinfection of the endodontic space. Subsequently, the root canal obturation is performed, with a material that does not hinder physiological rizalysis, and coronal reconstruction. The purpose of pulpectomy is to control the infec-tion, eliminate the pathogenic bacteria from the root canal sys-tem and maintain the space in the dental arch to ensure the correct eruption of the corresponding permanent dental element. RESULTS The pulpotomy treatment allows a conservative approach to the primary teeth, ensuring a high thera-peutic success thanks also to the current materials available on the market. Pulpectomy allows the elimination of the bacterial load and the consequent regression of ongoing diseases, ensuring the permanence of the primary teeth up to the physiological exchange. CONCLUSIONS Currently, the pediatric dentist can perform predictable therapies and maintain the primary teeth up to physiological exfoliation thanks to the innovative materials and techniques available. All this guaran-tees the improvement of the oral health of the child and a harmoni-ous growth of the stomatognathic system
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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