803 research outputs found
The contribution of chronic kidney disease to the global burden of major noncommunicable diseases
No full textNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the most common causes of premature death and morbidity and have a major impact on health-care costs, productivity, and growth. Cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease have been prioritized in the Global NCD Action Plan endorsed by the World Health Assembly, because they share behavioral risk factors amenable to public-health action and represent a major portion of the global NCD burden. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a key determinant of the poor health outcomes of major NCDs. CKD is associated with an eight- to tenfold increase in cardiovascular mortality and is a risk multiplier in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Milder CKD (often due to diabetes and hypertension) affects 5–7% of the world population and is more common in developing countries and disadvantaged and minority populations. Early detection and treatment of CKD using readily available, inexpensive therapies can slow or prevent progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Interventions targeting CKD, particularly to reduce urine protein excretion, are efficacious, cost-effective methods of improving cardiovascular and renal outcomes, especially when applied to high-risk groups. Integration of these approaches within NCD programs could minimize the need for renal replacement therapy. Early detection and treatment of CKD can be implemented at minimal cost and will reduce the burden of ESRD, improve outcomes of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (including hypertension), and substantially reduce morbidity and mortality from NCDs. Prevention of CKD should be considered in planning and implementation of national NCD policy in the developed and developing world
Cyclosporine induced changes to redox balance in plasma and erythrocytes is time course dependent
No full textUric acid heralds ischemic tissue injury to mobilize endothelial progenitor cells
No full textUnderstanding the nature of endogenous mechanisms for mobilization of stem/progenitor cells is predicated on the identification of injury-induced substances that are released from a damaged organ and capable of producing a distant effect. Although different substances that mobilize endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been proposed, their potential to signal injury and afford postischemic renoprotection and repair remains obscure. Uric acid (UA) is consistently overproduced by ischemic tissues and has been shown to exert immunomodulatory functions. It was hypothesized that UA and/or its precursors might serve as injury signals that are capable of mobilizing EPCs in acute renal ischemia. Indeed, FVB/NJ mice that were subjected to acute renal ischemia showed a transient surge in UA level in the peripheral blood. Single-dose treatment with UA, as well as acute hyperuricemia induced by the inhibition of uricase, caused a robust mobilization of EPCs, whereas administration of adenosine or inosine seemed to lack this effect. Moreover, pretreatment of mice with a single dose of UA afforded significant renoprotection against ischemic injury. In animals with chronic hyperuricemia (induced by continuous 2-wk treatment with a uricase inhibitor oxonic acid), EPC mobilization was blunted and renoprotective effects were absent. In conclusion, acute elevation of UA acts as "physiologic," fast-acting endogenous mediator of EPC mobilization and renoprotection, consistent with its novel function in pharmacologic preconditioning. Both of these actions are lacking in mice with chronic hyperuricemia. In summary, a transient surge in UA concentration may serve as a universal herald of tissue injury to accelerate the recruitment of EPCs
A study of the issues surrounding the understanding of historic military artefacts as primary source documents with particular emphasis on the sword
No full textLire désespérément… W.G. Sebald
No full textDans la foulée d’Évelyne Grossman et de sa réflexion sur « la paradoxale vitalité de la négativité dépressive » (L’angoisse de penser, 2008), cet article envisage l’exploration littéraire de la négativité et de la dépossession de soi, caractéristique d’une certaine modernité que l’on peut faire remonter à Mallarmé, en tant qu’elle peut fonctionner, pour le lecteur, à la manière d’un antidépresseur paradoxal. Questionnant d’abord de façon générale certaines conceptions « sublimantes », réparatrices ou rédemptrices de la littérature (Leo Bersani) et la prégnance des modèles platoniciens et aristotéliciens de la création comme pharmakon, l’auteure tente ensuite de cerner plus spécifiquement, à partir de l’oeuvre de l’écrivain allemand W.G. Sebald, le caractère tout à la fois anxiogène et libérateur de la symbolisation de la perte en littérature.Following Évelyne Grossman and her developments about the “paradoxical vitality of depressive negativity” (L’angoisse de penser, 2008), this article addresses the literary exploration of negativity and self-deprivation, characteristic of a certain modernity one can retrace up to Mallarmé, and proposes that it can function, for the reader, as a paradoxical antidepressant. Questioning at first more generally the current sublimating conceptions of literature and the impregnation of the platonician and aristotelian models of creation as pharmakon, the author seeks then to embrace more precisely, on the basis of the works by German writer W.G. Sebald, the all-together anguishing and liberating effect of the symbolization of loss in literature
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in disadvantaged populations
No full textTwelve March 2015 will mark the 10th anniversary of World Kidney Day (WKD), an initiative of the International Society of Nephrology and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations. Since its inception in 2006, WKD has become the most successful effort ever mounted to raise awareness among decision-makers and the general public about the importance of kidney disease. Each year WKD reminds us that kidney disease is common, harmful and treatable. The focus of WKD 2015 is on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in disadvantaged populations. This article reviews the key links between poverty and CKD and the consequent implications for the prevention of kidney disease and the care of kidney patients in these populations. © The Author 2014
Circulating E-selectin and tumor necrosis factor-? in extraarticular involvement and joint disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis
No full textTwelve March 2015 will mark the 10th anniversary of World Kidney Day (WKD), an initiative of the International Society of Nephrology and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations. Since its inception in 2006, WKD has become the most successful effort ever mounted to raise awareness among decision-makers and the general public about the importance of kidney disease. Each year WKD reminds us that kidney disease is common, harmful and treatable. The focus of WKD 2015 is on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in disadvantaged populations. This article reviews the key links between poverty and CKD and the consequent implications for the prevention of kidney disease and the care of kidney patients in these populations. " The Author 2014.",,,,,,"10.1093/ckj/sfu124",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/40051","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84928395075&partnerID=40&md5=ad84dca254d04a2084419467d1ca1ec
Traces of trauma in W.G. Sebald and Christoph Ransmayr
No full textBoth W.G. Sebald (1944-2001) and the Austrian author Christoph Ransmayr (1954-) were born too late to know directly the violence of the Second World War and the Holocaust, but these traumatic events are a persistent presence in their work. In a series of close readings of key prose texts, Dora Osborne examines the different ways in which the traces of a traumatic past mark their narratives. By focusing on the authors' use of visual and topographical tropes, she shows how blind spots and inhospitable places configure signs of past violence, but, ultimately, resist our understanding. Whilst links between the two authors are well-documented, this book offers the first full-length study of Sebald and Ransmayr and their complicated relation to the traumatic traces of National Socialism. - from book cover
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