1,720,991 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
NLRP3 activation during S. aureus or E. coli bacteremia and in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection
No full textA la phase précoce d’une infection bactérienne ou virale l’immunité innée est capable de détecter certains motifs microbiens conservés (PAMP) reconnus par des récepteurs dédiés à ces motifs (PRR) permettant ainsi d’amorcer la réaction pro-inflammatoire via différentes voies de signalisation. Les inflammasomes représentent une catégorie de PRR capable de transformer la pro-IL-1β et la pro-IL-18 en cytokines pro-inflammatoires actives ainsi que d’induire une mort cellulaire pro-inflammatoire nommée pyroptose. NLRP3 est l’inflammasome le plus étudié. De nombreuses bactéries et de nombreux virus ont été décrits comme pouvant soit activer soit inhiber l’inflammasome NLRP3 mais l’implication clinique de cette activation ou inhibition, reste pour le moment indéterminée. L’objectif de ma thèse était d’étudier l’implication de l’inflammasome NLRP3 au cours de la bactériémie chez l’homme. L’apparition de l’épidémie de COVID-19 nous a permis d’élargir cette étude à l’infection par le SARS-CoV-2. Le protocole NLRP3-BACT nous a permis de mettre en œuvre un test cellulaire à partir du sang total afin d’évaluer le niveau d’activation de la Caspase-1 dans les monocytes et polynucléaires neutrophiles (PNN) ainsi que le potentiel d’activation de l’inflammasome NLRP3 dans ces cellules chez des patients présentant une bactériémie à S. aureus ou E. coli via une analyse par cytométrie en flux (signal FAM-FLICA).Le protocole CoVinnate avait pour objectif l’utilisation du test cellulaire précédemment mentionné afin de décrire l’activation d’une partie du système immunitaire inné dans les différentes cellules myéloïdes circulantes des patients COVID-19 ainsi que l’évaluation de ce test en tant qu’outil pronostique.Pour NLRP3-BACT 22 patients ont été inclus depuis le début de de l’étude, 16 ont bénéficié d’une analyse cytométrique. Dans cette première série de patients inclus nous avons mis en évidence que les monocytes présentent un potentiel d’activation de la Caspase-1 par Nigéricine+LPS plus important que les donneurs sains. Par ailleurs, l’activation basale de cette caspase dans les monocytes est plus importante chez les patients de réanimation et ceux infectés par E. coli. Enfin la multiplication de la MFI du signal FAM-FLICA induite par Nigéricine+LPS est plus important pour les patients de médecine comparativement aux patients de réanimation.Pour CoVinnate, 66 patients COVID-19 et 24 donneurs sains ont été inclus durant la période de l’étude. Dans les cellules CD66b+ CD16dim nous avons observé une diminution significative du signal de la sonde FAM-FLICA chez les patients les plus sévères comparativement aux témoins. Au sein des granulocytes, l’activation de la Caspase-1 induite par la Nigéricine était altérée dans les granulocytes CD66b+ CD16dim selon le degré de sévérité des patients. Nous avons enregistré une augmentation de l’activation de NLRP3 induite par la Nigéricine dans les monocytes non-classiques isolés chez les patients les plus graves, cet effet était inversement corrélé au nombre total de monocytes non-classiques. Chez les patients les plus sévères on notait une augmentation du nombre de cellules CD66b+CD16dimCD15+CD10- correspondant à des neutrophiles immatures. Nous avons utilisé la diminution des monocytes non-classiques et le défaut d’activation de NLRP3 par la Nigéricine des granulocytes CD66b+ CD16dim pour construire un score pronostique. Nous avons mis en évidence une corrélation entre ce score et le rapport SpO2 / FiO2 le jour de l’inclusion ainsi que 48 heures plus tard. Nous avons également constaté une association significative de ces deux marqueurs avec l’évolution finale des patients. Mon travail a permis de mieux comprendre l’implication de l’inflammasome NLRP3 chez l’homme au cours de la bactériémie et durant l’infection à SARS-CoV-2. Nous envisageons d’utiliser ces travaux pour caractériser la réponse des patients aux traitements immunomodulateurs utilisés dans la COVID-19 notamment les corticoïdes.At the early phase of bacterial or viral infections, innate immunity is able to detect some conserved microbial motifs (PAMP) recognized by receptors dedicated to these motifs (PRR), thus making it possible to initiate the pro-inflammatory reaction via different signaling pathways. Inflammasomes represent a family of PRR able to transform pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into active pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as inducing a pro-inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. NLRP3 is the most studied inflammasome. Many bacteria and viruses have been described as being able to either activate or inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, but the clinical implication of this activation or inhibition, under the control of a particular microorganism, remains undetermined at this time.The objective of my thesis was to study the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome during bacteremia in humans. The onset of the COVID-19 epidemic allowed us to expand this study to SARS-CoV-2 infection.The NLRP3-BACT protocol allowed us to implement a cellular test performed on whole blood to assess the level of Caspase-1 activation in monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) as well as the activation potential of the NLRP3 inflammasome in these cells in patients with S. aureus or E. coli bacteremia via flow cytometry (fluorescent inhibitor probe, FAM-FLICA).The objective of the CoVinnate protocol was to use the aforementioned cellular test to describe the activation of a part of the innate immune system in the various circulating myeloid cells of COVID-19 patients as well as the evaluation of this test as a prognostic tool.For NLRP3-BACT 22 patients have been included since the start of the study, 16 have undergone cytometric analysis. In this first series of patients included, we demonstrated that monocytes have a greater potential for Caspase-1 activation by Nigericin+LPS than healthy donors. In addition, basal activation of this caspase in monocytes is greater in intensive care patients and in those infected with E. coli compared to the ID ward and S. aureus respectively. Finally, the multiplication of the MFI of the FAM-FLICA signal induced by Nigericin + LPS is more important for medical patients compared to intensive care patients.For CoVinnate, 66 COVID-19 patients and 24 healthy donors were included during the study period. In CD66b+ CD16dim cells, we observed a significant decrease of the FAM-FLICA probe signal in the most severe patients compared to the controls. Within granulocytes, the activation of Caspase-1 induced by Nigericin was decreased in CD66b+ CD16dim cells according to the severity of the patients. We recorded an increase in Nigericin-induced activation of NLRP3 in non-classical monocytes isolated from the most severe patients, this effect was inversely correlated with the total number of non-classical monocytes. In the most severe patients there was an increase in the number of CD66b+CD16dimCD15+CD10- cells corresponding to immature neutrophils.We used the decreased number in non-classical monocytes and the failure of NLRP3 activation upon nigericin activation in CD66b + CD16dim granulocytes to build a prognostic score. We found a correlation between this score and the SpO2 / FiO2 ratio on the day of inclusion as well as 48 hours later. We also found a significant association of these two markers with the final outcome of the patients.My work has led to a better understanding of the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in humans during bacteremia and during SARS-CoV-2 infection. We plan to use this work to characterize the response of patients to immunomodulatory treatments used in COVID-19, including corticosteroids
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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