1,720,954 research outputs found
Assessing conservation measures for five Southern African endemic shark species
No full textThe South African coast has one of the greatest diversity of Chondrichthyan species in the world with more than 190 species recorded, including 111 species of sharks. Many of these species are endemic to southern Africa (defined as the coastlines of Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique) but are poorly studied, despite their classifications of concern according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. However, South Africa continues its efforts to protect the marine environment with a network of 42 Marine Protected Areas established; the Second National Plan for the Protection of Sharks was published in 2022. Sharks, which are characterized by slow growth and maturity at an advanced age, have undergone a rapid decrease in population sizes due to overfishing and habitat loss since the 1970s. To help fill the knowledge gap on endemic shark species, I used long-term datasets to study movement ecology and behaviour in marine protected areas. Study species are dark shyshark Haploblapharus pictus, puffadder shyshark Haploblepharus edwardsii, pyjama shark Poroderma africanum, leopard catshark Poroderma pantherinum and spotted gully shark Triakis megalopterus. Datasets were composed of non-lethal sampling comprised of mark-recapture, baited remote underwater videos (BRUVs) and acoustic telemetry. Results are then used to assess current protection status of those species and give advice to adapt management policies. The analysis of capture-recapture data made it possible to determine the distribution areas of each species in the study area as well as the differences in the size and location of these areas between different sexes and maturities. The efficacy of an MPA was discussed for the protection of those species, especially relevant for the puffadder shyshark, classified as “Endangered” on the IUCN Red List. Furthermore, a comparison between growth rate of wild and captive pyjama sharks helped assessing if captive data can be transposed to wild population in order to study endangered species. Study of the movements of T. megalopterus along the coasts of the Western Cape revealed that this species does not specifically use marine protected areas, regardless of sex or sexual maturity. This characteristic suggests that in the future, if the population declines, which is a potential consequence of being caught as bycatch in longline fisheries, it would be difficult for this population to recover. We also attempted to classify the different areas used by spotted gully sharks in order to identified priority areas for conservation such as nursery areas. The analysis of the BRUVs revealed that the classic analysis techniques were sometimes not adequate to study the relationships between species. The majority of published analyzes are based on MaxN, an estimate of the abundance of each species, often to estimate the effectiveness of marine protected areas and sometimes by extrapolating on the relationships between species within the food chain. During this project, we tested a new alternative metric (visual co-occurrence) that could be included in future analyzes of this type of video, the goal being to obtain a more refined view of reality and potentially increase knowledge about the role that a specific species plays within the ecosystem. Overall, the combination of the databases analysed during this project made it possible to increase knowledge on five endemic species of South Africa and southern Africa, specifically on their movement and differences between sexes in habitat use. The protection measures in place remain effective in maintaining these populations but, like H. edwardsii, do not allow these species to grow in abundance and thus change their IUCN status. In addition, a potential future decline for these populations due to global warming or anthropogenic impact, causing habitat loss, could be fatal for these species without specific protection measures for each species. Since 2022, several projects aim to increase the area of coastal zone covered by marine protected areas in South Africa, so the results of this study have a direct impact on future conservation and management measures for these species
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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