1,720,960 research outputs found
Defective killing of dendritic cells by autologous natural killer cells from Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients.
No full textNatural killer cell-triggering receptors in patients with acute leukaemia.
No full textHuman natural killer (NK) cells are potent effectors involved in destruction of virus infected cells and tumours. Their cytolytic function is regulated by surface receptors that either inhibit or increase the NK-mediated cytotoxicity. Under physiological conditions, NK cells recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-class I molecules through surface receptors delivering signals that inhibit NK cells function. Nonetheless, the "missing self hypothesis", i.e. the release of an inhibitory signal by the interaction between HLA I-specific inhibitory receptors and their ligands, is not sufficient to entirely explain the regulation of NK cytotoxicity. Activating and co-receptors also play a central role in NK cell activation. In the haematology field, several lines of evidence suggest that NKs participate to the anti-leukaemia immune response: (1) leukaemic cells have down-regulated HLA-class I molecule expression and putative allele loss, (2) several reports have indicated an inverse relationship between NK cell number or activity and prognosis in acute leukaemia, (3) NK-cell activity dependent immunodeficiency syndromes are associated with an increased frequency of lymphoid haematological malignancies, (4) recent data support a role for NK cells in the graft-versus-leukaemia effect observed in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. All these data raise several questions. How NK cells kill leukaemic targets, and how can leukaemia escape from innate immunity surveillance? What are the therapeutic possibilities to manipulate NK receptor-ligand interaction in order to increase leukaemia cell destruction? The responses to these questions will contribute to immunotherapy advancements in leukaemia and more generally in cancer
A novel mechanism of antitumor response involving the expansion of CD3+/CD56+ large granular lymphocytes triggered by a tumor-expressed activating ligand.
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
