262,599 research outputs found
Echeveria marianae I. Garcia & Costea 2014, sp. nov.
No full textEcheveria marianae I. García & Costea, sp. nov., Figs. 1–2. Type:— MÉXICO. Jalisco: Municipio de Valle de Juárez, Barranca del Ojo de Agua al este de Mazamitla, 2460 m, bosque de encino-pino con elementos de bosque mesófilo de montaña; 29 Augusto 2013, I. García & M. Costea 8732 (holotype CIMI! isotypes; DAO!, ENCB!, IEB!, MEXU!, MICH!). Similar morphologically to E. novogaliciana and E. dactylifera in the absent or short caudex, calyx with unequal sepals, and presence of corolla appendages at the base of epipetalous stamens but differing from both species in the general leaf shape, carinate petals, external orange colour, toward the tips darker-orange to reddish, and convergent, ascending or erect corolla appendages. In addition, it differs from E. novogaliciana in the smaller leaf rosettes, inflorescences with fewer cincinni, and shorter stamens, and from E. dactylifera in the shorter pedicels, smaller flowers, and reniform, pink nectaries. Perennial herb, not cespitose, glabrous, light green to yellow-green, not glaucous, acaulescent or short caulescent, caudex (when present) 4–6 cm long and 3–4 cm in diameter; rosette lax, 30–40 cm in diameter with 16–18 (22) leaves; leaves light-green to yellow-green, obovate to oblanceolate, 5–22 (24) × 3–7.5 cm, thickness of lamina at the base 6–9 mm; entire or sometimes 2–4-lobed distally, base amplexicaulous, apex acute to apiculate, margins with a thin, red line, somewhat crenulate in young leaves; inflorescence paniculiform thyrse, solitary or double, 80–90 (100) cm long and 6–13 cm wide, with (7) 8–10 secondary axes (cincinni), each with 1–6 flowers; bracts of the main inflorescence axis (7) 8–10, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 2–6.2 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base auriculate, upper ones caducous; bracts of cincinni similar to those on the main axis but 18–22 × 4–6 mm; pedicels 5–9 mm long and 2–3 mm thick; calyx gamosepalous, the tube 2.3–2.5 mm long, lobes unequal, spreading to slightly recurved, triangular-lanceolate, green, 9–15 × 3–6 mm; corolla pentagonal-conical in bud, urceolate to campanulate at anthesis, 15–20 mm long, 10–12 mm in diameter at the base, opening distally for 4–8 mm; petals imbricate, oblong-lanceolate with a concavity at the base corresponding to the nectaries, 15–20 × 6–7 mm, slightly recurved, tips mucronate, external color pale yellow-whitish at the base, orange in the rest with dark-orange to reddish tips, internal color pale, yellow at the base, yellow-orange in the rest, tips reddish; nectaries reniform, 3 × 1 mm, pink with darker margins; epipetalous filaments (including the anthers) 7–9 mm long, with 1 or 2 multicellular corolla appendages at the base (sometimes one is basally bifid giving the impression of 3 appendages present at the base of the stamen), linear, oblanceolate or conical, convergent, ascending or erect, 1–5 × 0.5–1 mm, sometimes with a red line on the margin toward the apex, surface with epicuticular wax organised as parallel rodlets; episepalous filaments (including anthers) 10–12 mm long; anthers 2–2.5 × 1 mm, yellow to red; pollen agglutinated into large masses, tricolpate, oblate in equatorial view, triangular in polar view, 30–32 × 14–16 μm, tectum imperforate, scabrate; ovary with 5 carpels, 10–13 × 4 mm, white-yellowish; styles (including the stigmas) 4–5 mm long, reddish at the base and dark brown-reddish apically; stigma globose; fruit suberect follicles, 8.5 × 2.8 mm; seeds numerous, oblong to obovate, light to dark-brown, reticulate, 0.6–0.8 × 0.25–0.3 mm; reticulum size 40–50 μm. Discussion: —As indicated in the diagnosis E. marianae shares close morphological affinities with E. novogaliciana and E. dactylifera but differs from both in the morphology of the leaves, carinate corolla lobes which are orange-colored with darker red tips, and a different morphology of the corolla appendages. For a detailed comparison see Table 1. The lobed leaves character can be seen especially in mature plants with larger rosettes; young plants may have all the leaves entire. The plants cultivated in Jiquilpan, Michoacán at a lower elevation (1560 m), under full sun and higher temperature conditions were similar to those in the wild but had smaller flower (14–16 mm long), narrower leaves, the corolla had a more uniform and stronger shade of orange (Fig. 1L), sometimes with pink-red areas, and the nectaries were also red. Also in cultivated plants, the calyx was yellow-greenish to orange (not light-green as in the wild plants). The epidermis of the nectaries in E. marianae has numerous stomata surrounded by epidermal cells filled with anthocyanin pigments, which give the overall pink or red color to the nectaries of this species (Fig. 1I–K). The nectar released through the stomata accumulates in the cavities found at the base of the petals, which are covered in part by the coralline appendages found at the base of the epipetalous filaments (Figs. 1H; 2A). Based on the absence of secretory structures (Fig. 2B–C), the role of the corolla appendages is likely to shield the nectar from the pollinators lacking a specialized feeding apparatus. Corolla appendages at the base of stamens have also evolved in Pachyphytum (Walther 1972; Thiede & Eggli 2007), a genus that forms a sister clade to the remaining “ Echeveria group” (Carrillo- Reyes et al. 2009). Distribution and ecology: — Echeveria marianae is currently known only from Sierra del Tigre, Jalisco at elevations between 2450–2550 m.The species is saxicole or sometimes epiphytic (e.g., on Quercus sp.) and it grows in shaded habitats that maintain sufficient humidity even during the dry season, for example, in wet ravines or margins of streams. The general type of vegetation consists of mesophyllous oak and pine forest. The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds. Phenology: —Flowers from August to October. Conservation status: — Based on the area of occupancy and the very small population size we assess E. marianae as Vulnerable (VU) (IUCN 2001) based on criteria D. Although an exhaustive survey has not been undertaken the species is known from a single locality of less than 10 km 2 (criterion B.2 and condition B(a)) with less than 100 plants among which less than 50 are mature and the Sierra del Tigre is not a protected area and the nearby touristic resort of Mazamitla continues to expand through new constructions in the region. Etymology:— The specific epithet is dedicated to Mariana the youngest daughter of the first author in recognition of her dedication and care for cultivated material of this species. Additional specimens examined:— MÉXICO. Jalisco: Municipio de Valle de Juárez, Peñas del lado sureste de El Tigre, 2550 m, 22 September 1997, I . García 4975 (CIMI!); Municipio de Valle de Juárez, Peñas del lado sureste de El Tigre, 2550 m, 10 October 1998, I . García 5520 (CIMI!). Both specimens resulted from plants cultivated in Jiquilpan, Michoacán after transplantation from the type locality.Published as part of García-Ruiz, Ignacio & Costea, Mihai, 2014, Echeveria marianae (Crassulaceae), a new species from Jalisco, México, pp. 35-40 in Phytotaxa 170 (1) on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.170.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/477960
Irrigated land tenure in Cambodia. What are the perspectives for smallholder farmers?
Get PDFThis report presents a study conducted between March 2000 and May 2022 that examines land tenure issues revolving around irrigation systems in Cambodia. It is part of the knowledge production efforts of COSTEA. It includes: i) a description of the irrigation systems characterized according to their biophysical environment and agricultural production outcomes, ii) an overview of land tenure regimes in irrigation contexts, iii) the institutional framework governing irrigated land tenure and the way it is implemented, iv) five cases studies that illustrate how irrigation intersects locally with agrarian change, and v) a discussion on key themes in irrigated land tenure
Aşezarea dacică de la Copăcel, jud. Braşov / La station dace de Copăcel, dép. de Braşov
No full textCostea Florea. Aşezarea dacică de la Copăcel, jud. Braşov / La station dace de Copăcel, dép. de Braşov. In: Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, N°17 1992. A XVII-A sesiune anuală de rapoarte, Ploiești 1983 (Partea I) pp. 141-143
Amaranthus blitum subsp. oleraceus (L.) Costea
No full textAmaranthus blitum L. subsp. oleraceus (L.) Costea — Habit:Herb. Habitat: LMWF; 1 400–2 100 m. Distribution: I. Voucher: Vicinity of Castle Forest Station, Alt. 2073 m, 4 Jan. 1967, Perdue & Kibuwa 8394 (EA). Reference: Agnew (2013).Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/655046
Systematics of “horned” dodders: phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy, and two new species within the <i>Cuscuta chapalana</i> complex (Convolvulaceae)
No full text The Cuscuta chapalana complex (Convolvulaceae) is a recently circumscribed clade within the subgenus Grammica that includes several little-known species from Mexico and Central and northern South America characterized by the presence of peculiar subapical multicelullar appendages on the corolla and often on the calyx lobes. Basic morphology, scanning electron microscopy, and DNA sequence data from the plastid trnL–F region and the 26S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer nuclear regions were used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within the group and to test the species limits. Multicellular appendages are horn-like or tubular in shape and bear one or more stomata at their tips; hence the vernacular name “horned” dodders. Eight lineages were reconstructed; two of them, both from Mexico, were described as new species: Cuscuta bonafortunae Costea & I. García, sp. nov., and Cuscuta carnosa Costea & Stefanović, sp. nov. Cuscuta pringlei is redefined as a variety of Cuscuta strobilacea . A taxonomic treatment with an identification key, descriptions, and illustrations is provided. </jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Plan de comunicación Spaniards ecoflavour
No full textTreball Final de Grau en Publicitat i Relacions Públiques. Codi: PU0932. Curs acadèmic: 2015-2016The present essay consists of Spaniards ecoflavour
communication plan, this
company is a spanish company dedicated to export differents spanish products
to Australia. These kinds of products are ecological products.
The most important points in this work are: analysis and description, target
audience, objectives/strategy/concrete actions, and budget/viability.
The first point is quite important to realise the advantage and disadvantages to
export to Australia, and how is the exportations right now.
The target and audience delimit our operations area, we need to know how is
our target, to sell our product into the best communication way.
Thank to this two points, we create an effective and efficient communication
plan. Obviously our target demand online communication, thus our
communication is totally online.
We have four objectives, two of them are strategics objectives (13
years), and
the two rest are tactical objectives (6 months1
year). The two first are 1)
Position our product with an ideal of "healthy lifestyle"; 2) Contribute to the
positioning of Spaniards as reference entity gourmet sector in Australia.
The two seconds are 1) Create a brand awareness in the Australian market;
2)Ensure a good relationship between supplier and distributor. With this kinds of
objectives, our communication strategy is “your healthy”, owing to the fact that
our products are healthy and ecological, and this products are the kind of
products our target demand.
Last the budget is not so expensive because the provident are so good in the
first year, you can see that in the next point viability, where describe all of our
expenses and income. The difference between them is positive analysis
FIGURE 1. Echeveria marianae. A–K in Echeveria marianae (Crassulaceae), a new species from Jalisco, México
No full textFIGURE 1. Echeveria marianae. A–K. Type specimen(s) prior to conservation. L–M. Flower(s) from transplanted plant. A. Habit and habitat. B. Inflorescence. C. Bract of secondary inflorescence axis (cincinnus). D. Leaf rosette. E. Lobed leaf. F. Flower (lateral view). G. Flower (distal view). H. Opened flower. I. Base of ovary with nectaries (scale bar = 1 mm). J. Dissected nectaries (scale bar = 0.5 mm). K. Stomata on epidermis of nectaries (scale bar = 100 µm). L. Flowers. M. Dissected flower.Published as part of <i>García-Ruiz, Ignacio & Costea, Mihai, 2014, Echeveria marianae (Crassulaceae), a new species from Jalisco, México, pp. 35-40 in Phytotaxa 170 (1)</i> on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.170.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10089541">http://zenodo.org/record/10089541</a>
FIGURE 1. Echeveria marianae. A–K in Echeveria marianae (Crassulaceae), a new species from Jalisco, México
No full textFIGURE 1. Echeveria marianae. A–K. Type specimen(s) prior to conservation. L–M. Flower(s) from transplanted plant. A. Habit and habitat. B. Inflorescence. C. Bract of secondary inflorescence axis (cincinnus). D. Leaf rosette. E. Lobed leaf. F. Flower (lateral view). G. Flower (distal view). H. Opened flower. I. Base of ovary with nectaries (scale bar = 1 mm). J. Dissected nectaries (scale bar = 0.5 mm). K. Stomata on epidermis of nectaries (scale bar = 100 μm). L. Flowers. M. Dissected flower.Published as part of García-Ruiz, Ignacio & Costea, Mihai, 2014, Echeveria marianae (Crassulaceae), a new species from Jalisco, México, pp. 35-40 in Phytotaxa 170 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.170.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/477960
Protecting Animals 36: Author Witi Ihimaera
No full textIn this very special episode of Knowing Animals I am joined by beloved New Zealand author Witi Ihimaera. Witi has written many books featuring nonhuman animals. He offers us a non-colonial lens through which to think about the human/nonhuman relationship
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