147,300 research outputs found
Data for S-layer glycosylation supports surface-associated growth and iron oxidation in Methanococcus maripaludis
No full textThese data are the raw mass spectrometry data files for independent genotypes. The corresponding genotypes to sample name are DF1=S2Δupt, DF2=JJΔupt top band, DF3= JJΔupt bottom band, DF4=JJΔuptΔaglB.
Images may be opened using open source software ImageJ.Most microbial organisms grow as surface-attached communities known as biofilms. However, the mechanisms whereby methanogenic archaea grow attached to surfaces have remained understudied. Here, we show that the oligosaccharyltransferase AglB is essential for growth of Methanococcus maripaludis strain JJ on glass or metal surfaces. AglB glycosylates several cellular structures such as pili, archaella, and the cell surface layer (S-layer). We show that the S-layer of strain JJ, but not strain S2, is a glycoprotein, that only strain JJ was capable of growth on surfaces, and that deletion of aglB blocked S-layer glycosylation and abolished surface-associated growth. A strain JJ mutant lacking structural components of the type IV-like pilus did not have a growth defect under any conditions tested, while a mutant lacking the pre-flagellin peptidase (∆flaK) was only defective for surface growth when formate was provided as the sole electron donor. Finally, for strains that are capable of Fe0 oxidation, we show that deletion of aglB decreases the rate of anaerobic Fe0 oxidation, presumably due to decreased association of biomass with the Fe0 surface. Together, these data provide an initial characterization of surface-associated growth in a member of the methanogenic archaea.Young Investigator Program award to KCC from the Army Research Office, grant number W911NF-19-1-0024DRF was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant number CON-75851.Holten, Matthew P; Fonseca, Dallas R; Costa, Kyle C. (2021). Data for S-layer glycosylation supports surface-associated growth and iron oxidation in Methanococcus maripaludis. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/fhxh-n267
Innovation, R&D and Productivity in the Costa Rican ICT Sector: A Case Study
No full textThis paper addresses the relationships between innovation, research and development (R&D) and productivity in domestic ICT firms in Costa Rica. Factors considered were the types of innovation outputs produced by domestic ICT firms, the relative importance of innovation inputs, the impacts of innovation on firm productivity, the protection of innovations, and impediments to innovation. While most firms engaged in all types of output and input innovations, they appear to be driven by retaining or increasing market share rather than increasing productivity. Half of firms do not formally protect the intellectual property created by their innovations, are not familiar with methods for protecting innovation or the availability of government grants for such purposes, and face barriers associated with the Costa Rican Patent Office. Other impediments include lack of knowledge about financial resources available and scarcity of human resources. There is also evidence of knowledge spillovers through worker mobility from multinationals operating in Costa Rica to domestic ICT firms.Research and development, Information communications technology, Innovation, Costa Rica
Catálogo revisado y anotado de las Orchidaceae de Costa Rica
No full textSe presenta una compilación actualizada de todas las especies de orquídeas (Orchidaceae) conocidas en Costa Rica y documentadas por un testigo citado en el texto. Las especies se presentan en orden alfabético. Para cada especie se incluyen los sinónimos aceptados, los nombres usados en tratamientos anteriores y sus re- ferencias bibliográficas. Para algunos táxones se proporcionan también breves observaciones taxonómicas. La sinopsis incluye 1360 especies en 180 géneros; 287 especies son informes nuevos con respecto a listas ante- riores. Las especies endémicas de Costa Rica representan el 26% del total de las especies comunicadas. Se pro- ponen la nueva combinación Echinella vittata y el nuevo nombre Stelis megachlamys. A c o m p l e t e c o m p i l a t i o n o f a l l c u r r e n t l y r e c o g n i z e d s p e c i e s o f o r c h i d s ( O r c h i d a c e a e ) k n o w n f r o m Costa Rica, and documented by a voucher specimen cited in the text, is presented. Species are listed in alphabeti- cal order. For each especies the accepted synonyms and species names used in older treatments are included, together with bibliographical references. For some of the critical taxa brief taxonomic observations are given. The synopsis includes 1360 species in 180 genera, of which 287 species are recently described or were not reported in earlier studies. The species endemic to Costa Rica represent 26% of the reported species. The new combination Echinella vittata and the new name Stelis megachlamys are proposed.
Basidiomicetes de Costa Rica. Nuevas especies de Exobasidium (Exobasidiaceae) y registros de Cryptobasidiales
No full textSe describen seis nt¡evas especies (Exobasidiales, Exobasidiaceae): Exobasidium aequatorianum parásito de Vaccinium crenatum (Don) Sleumer en los Andes ecuatorianos; Exobasidium jamaicense como parásito de Lyonia jamaicensis (Sw.)D.Don de Jamaica, Exobasidium disterigmicola como parásito de Disterigma huboldtii (Klz.) Nied., de Costa Rica y que forma distrofias del tipo escoba de bruja, Exobasidium sphyrospermii de Costa Rica, como parásito de Sphyrospermllm cordifolium Bentham, Exobasidium poasanum, de Costa Rica y que forma gigantescas pseudoagallas en hojas y yemas.de Cavendishia bracteata (R. & P. ex SI.-Hil.) Hoer., Exobasidium pemettyae, de Costa Rica y parásito foliar de Pernettya prostrata (Cav.) DC. Es muy posible que esas especies de parásitos se extiendan en todo el ámbito geografico de las plantas que parasitari, como lo demuestra el hallazgo de Exobasidium escalloniae Gómez & Kisimova, descrito de Costa Rica, en Escallonia myrtilloides val: patens, en Ecuador de donde tambien se registra Exobasidium vaccinii (Fkl.) Wor. Como parásito de las especies costarricenses de Aretostaphylos y Comarostaphylos, se registra, describe e lustra la especie Exobasidium arctostaphyli Hark., descrita de la costa.occidental de los E.E.U.U. lo que constituye un nuevo registro neotropical. La exploración en búsqueda de criptobasidiáceas eleva el número de Cryptobasidiales registrados en Costa Rica a tres: CUnoconidium bullatum $ydow, originalmente descrito de las inmediaciones de Grecia, Alajuela, ahora se conoce también de Monteverde, Puntarenas, como parásito de Cinnamomum spp., Clinoconidium farinosum (P.Henn.) Pat., de la misma localidad y como parásito de Ocotea monteverdensis Burger. En la Cordillera de Talamanca, se localizó una población de Aiouea costaricensis (Mez) Kosterm., con numerosas agallas foliares y caulinares causadas por Drepanoconis larviformis (Speg.) Speg. Con excepción de C. bullatum, todos son nuevos registros centroamericanos.Six new species in thy genus Exobasidium are described: E. aequatorianum n. sp., parasitic on Vaccinium crenatum (Don) Sleumer from Ecuador where it is widely distributed; E. arctostaphyli Harkn., found on Arctostaphylos arbutoides (Lindl.) Hemsl., and on Comarostaphylos costaricensis Small in Costa Rica is redescribed; E. jamaicense n. sp., on Lyonia jamaicensis (Swartz) D. Don from Jamaica and possibly throughout the Caribbean range of the host genus; E. disterigmicola n.sp., on Disterigma humboldtii (KI.) Nied., from the Talamanca Range, Costa Rica and possibly, throughout the range of its host, E. sphyrospermii n. sp.,on Sphyrospermum cordifolium Bentham in Costa Rica, E. poasanum n. sp., on Cavendishia bracteata (R. & P, ex J. St.-Hil.) Hoer., from the Poás massif in Costa Rica. Exobasidium escalloniae Gómez & Kisimova, descrit¡ed from Costa Rica, is now known to occur in Ecuador on the same host, Escallonia myrtilloides L.f Exobasidium vaccinii (Fkl.) Wor. is here reported from Vacciniumj10ribundum H.B.K. from various Ecuadorean 10caliÍies, and E. pernettyae n. sp. is described as a parasite of Pernettya prostrata (Cav.) DC in Costa Rica. With the exception of Escallonia, of saxifragaceous affinities, all hosts belong in the Ericaceae. Exobasidium arctostaphyli is a first record for the neotropical region. With the exception of E. jamaicense, not seen in the wild by us, all others have been found associated with small slugs (Mollusca: Limacidae) which are suspected to be one of the vectors of the parasite. Sorne biogeographical considerations are presented. The Cryptobasidiaceae Clinoconidium bullatum Syd., not collected since first described in 1925, and Clinoconidiuril farinosum (P. Henn.) Pat., are both parasites of Lauraceae, Cinnamomum sp. and Ocotea monteverdensis Burger, respectively, and were found in the Monteverde Reserve, Costa Rica. Drepanoconis larviformis (Speg.) Speg. is reported as a parasite of Aiouea costaricensis (Mez) Kosterm. from the cloud forests of San Gerardo de Dota, Costa Rica. Clinoconidium farinosum and Drepanoconis larviformis constitute new records for Central America
Epidendrum tolimense Lindl. (Orchidaceae), una especie sudamericana encontrada en Costa Rica
No full textU n a e s p e c i e p r e v i a m e n t e c o n o c i d a d e s u r A m é r i c a h a s i d o e n c o n t r a d a e n l a C o r d i l l e r a d e Talamanca, Costa Rica. Epidendrum tolimense pertenece al Grupo Elleanthoides y es la primera especie de este grupo que se encuentra fuera de los Andes. A species previously known from South America is found in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Epidendrum tolimense belongs to the Elleanthoides Group, and is the first species of this group to be found outside the Andes.
Breast milk consumption in rural Costa Rica
No full textArtículo científico -- Universidad de Costa Rica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud. 1983Breast milk consumption was measured in 20 breast-feeding infants, aged two days to six months. This was achieved by test-weighing infants before and after every feeding over a 24-hour period. Infant length, weight, number of breast-feedings, and time spent sucking were also measured. The mean consumption among 10 full breast-feeders (no supplementation) was 639 +/- 214 ml/day at a mean age of 42 +/- 36 days, and 396 +/- 249 ml/day at a mean age of 95 +/- 53 days for ten breast-feeders receiving supplements (partial breast-feeders). Significant correlations were found between the number of feedings per day and breast milk consumption (ml/day) when examining all twenty infants (r = 0.788, p less than 0.01) and the ten partial breast-feeders (r = 0.903, p less than 0.01), but not the ten full breast-feeders (r = 0.431). Correlations between the time sucking per day (min/day), and breast milk consumption (ml/day), were again significant for all twenty infants (r = 0.576 p less than 0.01) and partial breast-feeders (r = 0.728, p less than 0.02), but not for full breast-feeders (r = 0.357). The weight-for-length ratio for full breast-feeders ranged from 94 to 135% of the 50th percentile of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) curves, while for partial breast-feeders it ranged from 103 to 141%. Both groups show adequate growth in this poor, rural area of Costa Rica.Universidad de Costa Rica, Instituto de Investigaciones en SaludUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA
Dos especies nuevas de PhlegmariurusHolub (Lycopodiaceae) para Costa Rica
No full textDos especies nuevas de Phlegmariurus Holub, P. gracilis A. Rojas y P. nanusA. Rojas & R. Calderón, son descritas aquí. Ellas pertenecen al complejo P.reflexus. La primera se caracteriza por hojas en verticilos alternos de 4 o 5 y estas con el margen entero o dispersa y cortamente dentado. La segunda corresponde a un taxón con tallos bastante pequeños (6–11 cm de largo) y simples a 1–dicotomos, y las hojas con cilios largos y dispersos marginalmente.Two new species of Phlegmariurus Holub (Lycopodiaceae) from Costa Rica. Two new species of Phlegmariurus Holub, P. gracilis A. Rojas and P. nanus A. Rojas & R. Calderón, are here described. They belong to the P. reflexuscomplex. The first is characterized by alternating leaves in whorls of 4 or 5 with entire or sparsely dentate margins. The second is distinguished by small (6–11 cm long) and simple to 1-dichotomous stems, and leaf margins sparsely long-ciliate.Universidad Nacional, Costa RicaEscuela de Ciencias Biológica
Comportamiento fenológico del árbol Elaeagia uxpanapensis (Rubiaceae), en un bosque pluvial premontano de Costa Rica
No full textSe estudió la fenología E. uxpanapensis (n = 13), árbol maderable y emergente del dosel de la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, Alajuela, Costa Rica, de marzo 1994 a marzo 1998. Se construyó una plataforma a 25 m de altura para la observación de la transición de floración a fructificación. La caída de follaje y brotes foliares fueron continuas, y la floración (cada 28 meses) y la fructificación (cada 25 meses) fueron supranuales y prolongadas. La caída de follaje se asoció significativamente con temperatura ambiental (n = 13, r = 0.44, p < 0.05), así como la fructificación con precipitación (n = 13, r = 0.37, p < 0.05) y humedad relativa (n = 13, r = 0.39, p < 0.05). La aparición de brotes foliares se asoció inversamente con la precipitación (n = 13, r = -0.66, p < 0.05) y humedad relativa (n = 13, r = -0.61, p < 0.05).Phenology of the tree Elaeagia uxpanapensis was studied from March 1994 to March 1998. This species is a canopy emergent in the A.M. Brenes Biological Reserve, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Fifteen mature trees were marked in order of appearance and observed every month using binoculars. A platform was built on one tree to better distinguish the transition from flowering to fruiting. Leaf abscission and budding were continuous throughout the year with several peaks, while flowering and fruit production occurred every 28 and 25 months, respectively. Leaf-fall was positively correlated with air temperature (n = 13, r = 0.44, p < 0.05), and fruiting with precipitation (n = 13, r = 0.37, p < 0.05) and relative humidity (n = 13, r = 0.39, p < 0.05). Bud formation was inversely associated with precipitation (n = 13, r = -0.66, p < 0.05) and relative humidity (n = 13, r = -0.61, p < 0.05)
P. T. Costa et R. R. McCrae sur la signification des scores de personnalité
No full textLes notes brutes dans les inventaires de personnalité n'ont généralement aucune signification. Les réponses d'une personne n'ont de sens que lorsqu'elles sont comparées à celles des autres. (p. 12) Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2007). NEO PI-R : Inventaire de personnalité-révisé, manuel. Paris : Hogrefe (J.-P. Rolland, adaptation française)
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