1,720,955 research outputs found
Corresponsabilização de profissionais de saúde frente à adesão ao tratamento de pessoas vivendo com HIV: efeitos de uma intervenção
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) — Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia Clínica e Cultura, 2024.Desde sua descoberta, na década de 1980, avanços foram conquistados, atribuindo à infecção
pelo vírus HIV um caráter crônico e potencialmente controlável. Ainda não há cura para esta
condição e a eficácia do tratamento depende necessariamente da adesão regular, consistente e
contínua. Adesão é um processo complexo, multideterminado, multidimensional e
colaborativo entre a pessoa, a equipe de saúde e a rede social de apoio, que facilita a
aceitação e a integração de determinado esquema terapêutico no cotidiano das pessoas em
tratamento, pressupondo sua participação nas decisões sobre a terapia. Todavia, ainda se
observa um grande foco em aspectos direcionados ao paciente como único responsável pela
adesão ao tratamento, em detrimento da influência do profissional de saúde neste processo,
por exemplo. O objetivo foi analisar os efeitos de uma intervenção, implementada por meio
de uma oficina sobre adesão ao tratamento, quanto à percepção e aos conhecimentos de
trabalhadores de uma instituição especializada em infectologia, acerca da influência e
corresponsabilização sobre o processo de adesão em pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV).
Trata-se de delineamento quase experimental, com avaliação de grupo único pré e pós intervenção, sem grupo controle, bem como com análise qualitativa de dados, realizado em
um hospital especializado em HIV/aids do município de Goiânia (GO). O grupo foi composto
por oito trabalhadoras da instituição, com idades entre 28 a 49 anos (M=36,13; DP=7,90),
com formações distintas. Foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico e um outro
versando sobre conhecimento e percepção acerca da influência e corresponsabilização do
profissional no processo de adesão ao tratamento da PVHIV, com questões abertas e
fechadas. O instrumento foi aplicado nas fases pré e pós-intervenção, para que seu efeito
fosse avaliado ao término de uma oficina, com nove encontros, sobre o tema adesão ao
tratamento em PVHIV. Metodologias pedagógicas ativas nortearam o trabalho na oficina. Os
dados quantitativos foram analisados pelo programa Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences (SPSS); a análise qualitativa das questões abertas foi realizada com base no
referencial de Bardin. A estatística descritiva mostrou valores mais altos na fase pós intervenção, tanto nos escores médios, quanto na análise individual (para cinco dos
participantes). O resultado do teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon Signed Rank apontou que
não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (z=-1,187; p=0,235) entre os valores nas
fases pré (M=49; DP=6,84; Mdn=51,0) e pós-intervenção (M=51,38; DP=10,36; Mdn=57,5).
As análises qualitativas revelaram mudanças nas categorias identificadas a partir das
respostas nas fases pré e pós-intervenção. Verificou-se o aprimoramento das respostas
referentes ao conceito de adesão, sendo que após a oficina houve predomínio de respostas na
categoria adesão como fenômeno complexo e multideterminado. Ademais, foram
identificadas mudanças das categorias oriundas da questão aberta que indagava sobre
aspectos que influenciavam a adesão: observou-se a presença daquelas que assinalavam a
influência do profissional de saúde, da equipe multiprofissional e da instituição de saúde
como corresponsáveis na adesão ao tratamento das PVHIV na fase pós-intervenção. A
avaliação de processo, individual e anônima, realizada ao longo das oito semanas, mostrou
relatos de aspectos positivos e de satisfação com a atividade, em detrimento de aspectos
negativos. As limitações do estudo deveram-se à ausência de grupo controle e de follow up.
Apesar da abrangência de estudos e intervenções direcionados à adesão ao tratamento em
PVHIV, poucos adotam como foco a corresponsabilização do profissional de saúde neste
processo. Além disso, destaca-se a necessidade de que ações de educação permanente para a
capacitação de profissionais de saúde sejam adotadas em serviços especializados em
HIV/aids.Since its discovery in the 1980s, advances have been made, giving HIV infection a chronic
and potentially controllable nature. There is still no cure for this condition and the
effectiveness of treatment necessarily depends on regular, consistent and continuous
adherence. Adherence is a complex, multidetermined, multidimensional and collaborative
process between the person, the healthcare team and the social support network, which
facilitates the acceptance and integration of a given therapeutic scheme into the daily lives of
people undergoing treatment, presupposing their participation in decisions about the therapy.
However, there is still a great focus on aspects directed at the patient as the sole person
responsible for adherence to treatment, to the detriment of the health professional's influence
in this process, for example. The objective was to analyze the effects of an intervention,
implemented through a workshop on adherence to treatment, regarding the perception and
knowledge of professionals at an institution specializing in infectious diseases, regarding the
influence and co-responsibility on the adherence process in people living with HIV (PLHIV).
This is a quasi-experimental design, with pre and post-intervention of a single group, without
a control group, as well as qualitative data analysis, carried out in a hospital specializing in
HIV/AIDS in the city of Goiânia (GO). The group was made up of eight professionals from
the institution, aged between 28 and 49 years old (M=36.13; SD=7.90), with different
backgrounds. A sociodemographic questionnaire and another were used on knowledge and
perception regarding the influence and co-responsibility of the professional in the process of
adherence to PLHIV treatment. The instrument was applied in the pre and post-intervention
phases, so that its effect could be evaluated at the end of a workshop, with nine meetings, on
the topic of adherence to treatment in PLHIV. Active pedagogical methodologies guided the
work in the workshop. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences (SPSS); the qualitative analysis of open questions was carried out based on
Bardin's framework. Descriptive statistics showed higher values in the post-intervention
phase, both in average scores and in individual analysis (for five of the participants). The
result of the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank test showed that there was no statistically
significant difference (z=-1.187; p=0.235) between the values in the pre phases (M=49;
SD=6.84; Mdn=51.0) and post-intervention (M=51.38; SD=10.36; Mdn=57.5). Qualitative
analyzes revealed changes in the categories identified from the responses in the pre and post intervention phases. There was an improvement in responses regarding the concept of
adherence, and after the group there was a predominance of responses in the category
adhesion as a complex and multidetermined phenomenon. Furthermore, changes were
identified in the categories arising from the open question that inquired about aspects that
influenced adherence: the presence of those that highlighted the influence of the health
professional, the multidisciplinary team and the health institution as co-responsible for
adherence to treatment for PLHIV in the post-intervention phase. The individual and
anonymous process evaluation, carried out over the eight weeks, showed reports of positive
aspects and satisfaction with the activity, to the detriment of negative aspects. The limitations
of the study were due to the absence of a control group and follow-up. Despite the scope of
studies and interventions aimed at treatment adherence in PLHIV, few focus on the co responsibility of health professionals in this process. The need for permanent education
actions to train health professionals to beadopted in specialized HIV/AIDS services is
highlighted.Instituto de Psicologia (IP)Departamento de Psicologia Clínica (IP PCL)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Clínica e Cultur
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
ANÁLISE DO FILME SHREK SOB O OLHAR DA TEORIA ORGANÍSMICA
Get PDFEsse trabalho relaciona o conceito de Teoria Organísmica com o filme Shrek. Segundo a teoria do neurofisiologista Kurt Goldstein, o organismo sempre trabalha como um todo e não deve ser visto de forma isolada, seguindo os conceitos de figura e fundo, figura natural e não natural, equalização ou centragem, auto realização e pôr-se de acordo com o meio. A partir dos fundamentos dessa teoria, relacionou-se seus conceitos com o filme Shrek buscando compreender como as vivências do protagonista modificam seu organismo, fazendo relação dos acontecimentos das cenas com a teoria, possibilitando viabilizar sua prática em situações cotidianas do personagem, ampliando, também, o conhecimento dos conceitos para dentro do âmbito terapêutico.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Holismo. Autorregulação. Equalização. Centragem. Figura
- …
