20,425 research outputs found
Torres de costa [Manuscrito]
No full textDescripción de Torres vigía en la Costa. Referencia: "L'Arquitectura romana a Catalunya". Barcelona, 1934. J. Ruiz y Cadafalch
Serum vitamin D levels, diabetes and cardio-metabolic risk factors in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians
Get PDFAssesses levels of serum 25(OH)D in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians and explores relationships between 25(OH)D and cardio-metabolic risk factors and diabetes.
Abstract
Background: Low levels of serum 25 – hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), have been associated with development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however there are limited data on serum 25(OH)D in Indigenous Australians, a population at high risk for both diabetes and CVD. We aimed to assess levels of serum 25(OH)D in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians and to explore relationships between 25(OH)D and cardio-metabolic risk factors and diabetes.
Methods: 592 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Australian participants of The eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) Study, a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study performed in 2007 – 2011, from urban and remote centres within communities, primary care and tertiary hospitals across Northern Territory, Far North Queensland and Western Australia. Assessment of serum 25(OH)D, cardio-metabolic risk factors (central obesity, diabetes, hypertension, history of cardiovascular disease, current smoker, low HDL-cholesterol), and diabetes (by history or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) was performed. Associations were explored between 25(OH)D and outcome measures of diabetes and number of cardio-metabolic risk factors.
Results: The median (IQR) serum 25(OH)D was 60 (45 – 77) nmol/L, 31% had 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L. For participants with 25(OH)D < 50 vs ≥ 50 nmol/L, cardio-metabolic risk profile differed for: diabetes (54%, 36% p < 0.001), past history of cardiovascular disease (16%, 9%, p = 0.014), waist-hip ratio (0.98, 0.92, p < 0.001), urine albumin-creatinine ratio (2.7, 1.5 mg/mmol, p < 0.001). The OR (95% CI) for diabetes was 2.02 (1.03 – 3.95) for people in the lowest vs highest tertiles of 25(OH)D (<53 vs >72 nmol/L, respectively) after adjusting for known cardio-metabolic risk factors.
Conclusion: The percentage of 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L was high among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians from Northern and Central Australia. Low 25(OH)D level was associated with adverse cardio-metabolic risk profile and was independently associated with diabetes. These findings require exploration in longitudinal studies
National key performance indicators for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health care: results from December 2013
Get PDFCaptures data from over 200 primary health care organisations that receive funding from the Australian Government Department of Health to provide services primarily to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Summary
This is the second national report on the Indigenous primary health care national Key Performance Indicators (nKPIs) data collection. Data for this collection are provided to the AIHW by primary health care organisations who receive funding from the Department of Health to provide services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
The purpose of the nKPIs is to improve the delivery of primary health care services by supporting continuous quality improvement (CQI) activity among service providers. The nKPIs also support policy and planning at the national and state and territory level by monitoring progress and highlighting areas for improvement.
The report presents data on 19 indicators (and 24 indicator measures) collected for 4 reporting periods over 2 years: June 2012, December 2012, June 2013 and December 2013. The number of organisations reporting increased substantially over the 4 reporting periods, from 90 in June 2012 to 207 in December 2013.
The indicators focus on chronic disease prevention and management, and on maternal and child health. There are 19 ‘process of care’ measures and 5 ‘health outcomes’ measures. The former are largely under the control of organisations and are therefore used to assess practices in primary health care. Health outcomes, on the other hand, are influenced by a wide range of factors beyond the immediate control of primary health care organisations
Pre-pregnancy predictors of hypertension in pregnancy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in north Queensland, Australia; a prospective cohort study
Get PDFBACKGROUND Compared to other Australian women, Indigenous women are frequently at greater risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We examined pre-pregnancy factors that may predict hypertension in pregnancy in a cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in north Queensland. METHODS Data on a cohort of 1009 Indigenous women of childbearing age (15–44 years) who participated in a 1998–2000 health screening program in north Queensland were combined with 1998–2008 Queensland hospitalisations data using probabilistic data linkage. Data on the women in the cohort who were hospitalised for birth (n = 220) were further combined with Queensland perinatal data which identified those diagnosed with hypertension in pregnancy. RESULTS Of 220 women who gave birth, 22 had hypertension in the pregnancy after their health check. The mean age of women with and without hypertension was similar (23.7 years and 23.9 years respectively) however Aboriginal women were more affected compared to Torres Strait Islanders. Pre-pregnancy adiposity and elevated blood pressure at the health screening program were predictors of a pregnancy affected by hypertension. After adjusting for age and ethnicity, each 1 cm increase in waist circumference showed a 4% increased risk for hypertension in pregnancy (PR 1.04; 95% CI; 1.02-1.06); each 1 point increase in BMI showed a 9% adjusted increase in risk (1.09; 1.04-1.14). For each 1 mmHg increase in baseline systolic blood pressure there was an age and ethnicity adjusted 6% increase in risk and each 1 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure showed a 7% increase in risk (1.06; 1.03-1.09 and 1.07; 1.03-1.11 respectively). Among those free of diabetes at baseline, the presence of the metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation criteria) predicted over a three-fold increase in age-ethnicity-adjusted risk (3.5; 1.50-8.17). CONCLUSIONS Pre-pregnancy adiposity and features of the metabolic syndrome among these young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women track strongly to increased risk of hypertension in pregnancy with associated risks to the health of babies.Sandra K Campbell, John Lynch, Adrian Esterman and Robyn McDermot
Payments for Environmental Services in Costa Rica
Get PDFCosta Rica pioneered the use of the payments for environmental services (PES) approach in developing countries by establishing a formal, country-wide program of payments, the PSA program. The PSA program has worked hard to develop mechanisms to charge the users of environmental services for the services they receive. It has made substantial progress in charging water users, and more limited progress in charging biodiversity and carbon sequestration users. Because of the way it makes payments to service providers (using approaches largely inherited from earlier programs), however, the PSA program has considerable room for improvement in the efficiency with which it generates environmental services. With experience, many of these weaknesses are being gradually corrected as the PSA program evolves towards a much more targeted and differentiated program. An important lesson is the need to be flexible and to adapt to lessons learned and to changing circumstances.Payments for Environmental Services; Costa Rica; FONAFIFO
Building audiences: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander arts
Get PDFBuilding Audiences examines the barriers to and the strategies for increasing audiences in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander arts sector. This research investigates the attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of current and potential audiences.
What is in the report?
The findings reveal the key barriers facing audience attendance include:
uncertainty about how to behave at cultural events and fear of offending
lack of awareness with audiences not actively seeking information about Indigenous arts
and outdated perceptions of the sector – that it is only perceived as ‘serious or educational’.
Building Audiences also considered several strategies to build audiences for Indigenous arts:
providing skills development, advice and resourcing to Indigenous practitioners within the arts sector;
increasing representation of Indigenous artists in the main programing of arts companies by including more Indigenous people in decision making roles;
promoting relationships between Indigenous arts and non-Indigenous companies to present their work to wider audiences;
introducing children and young people to Indigenous arts through schools and extracurricular activities;
allowing audiences to feel comfortable engaging by creating accessible experiences;
implementing long-term strategies to change negative perceptions of Indigenous arts.
The project was commissioned by the Australia Council for the Arts and funding partners include Australia Council for the Arts; Faculty of Business and Law and Institute of Koorie Education, Deakin University; Melbourne Business School, The University of Melbourne
Gender and generation in native title
Get PDFWhile gender and age are often noted as being important dimensions of Indigenous leadership and governance, they have rarely been examined in detail. This paper focuses specifically on the gender and age of directors on the boards of prescribed bodies corporate (PBCs), the corporations established to hold and/or manage native title rights and interests.
A predominant view persists of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women as excluded or marginalised in native title. Statistical data for the year 2011–12 reveals, however, that women’s representation on PBC boards is higher than that found in mainstream sectors, while the literature reveals a complex picture of cultural, historical, demographic, institutional and intercultural factors that influence men’s and women’s participation and power in the native title arena.
A key generational concern is the relatively low number of older people and the growing number of young people in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. Viewed in relation to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population and projected changes, the pool of potential PBC directors looks likely to grow in coming years. This paper argues that, as an increasingly significant sector, PBCs have the potential to both contribute to and benefit from the strengthening of community capacity but this potential will not be realised until the constraints on the capacity of PBCs to meet their statutory obligations and pursue native title holder aspirations are addressed.
[Published under the imprint AIATSIS Research Publications
A critical assessment of the theology of Camilo Torres in the light of Latin American theology : a theological paradigm for peace with justice for Colombia
No full textThe thesis aims to provide a critical assessment of Camilo Torres’ concept of efficacious love in the light of a hermeneutics and ethics of liberation, to contribute theoretically to theological reflection upon the mission of the Protestant and Roman Catholic churches in Colombia, and generally in Latin America. It proposes the thesis that the theology of Camilo Torres, viewed from the perspective of a hermeneutics and an ethics of liberation, can be foundational for seeking, constructing, and sustaining peace with justice in a context of oppression and violence.
Based on the theological analysis, the academic and spiritual motivation should respond to two fundamental questions in our academic inquiry: what foundation exists in Camilo Torres’ theology for the construction of a just, peaceful, liberative society and to enable proximity to the excluded, victimized, and poor population in Colombia to be achieved? And how can we as Christians respond to the grace of God in living efficaciously the values of the Kingdom of God, in order to bring structural changes in Colombia? The implications of the answers to those questions would result in the possibility to execute an integrating theological proposal for peace with justice for the church in Colombia.
In an interpretative mode, we consider critically the multidisciplinary interaction of some of the theological foundations of liberation theology. Our task consists in clarifying and constructing theological presuppositions for a dialectical examination of the historical and current situation in Colombia, viewed in the light of the internal problems and realities. Thus, it is our intention in order to attempt a significant interdisciplinary juncture, to examine and interpret such relevant concepts as efficacious love, faith with works, kenosis, hypostatic union, hermeneutics and ethics of liberation, social justice, personal and collective socio-political conversion, and a praxis of faith as the church’s mission in response to the Colombian context of poverty and violence
The health and welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: 2015
Get PDFExamines the differences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, as well as differences by factors such as age, sex and, in particular remoteness.
Background
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people live in all parts of the nation—from large cities to small country towns, from remote tropical coasts to the fringes of the central deserts. They speak a multitude of languages and belong to hundreds of distinct descent groups. The health and welfare of Indigenous people living in the big cities are different to those living in the Torres Strait, which are different again to those living on the outskirts of Alice Springs or those living in remote communities.
Currently, there are over 700,000 Indigenous people in Australia, accounting for 3% of the Australian population. They are the descendants of people who began to occupy Australia more than 50,000 years ago. At the time of European colonisation, an estimated 320,000 Indigenous people occupied Australia, the majority living in the southeast, and in the Murray River valley and its tributaries.
Colonisation severely disrupted Aboriginal society and economy—epidemic disease caused an immediate loss of life, and the occupation of land by settlers and the restriction of Aboriginal people to ‘reserves’ disrupted their ability to support themselves. Over time, this combination of factors had such an impact that by the 1930s only an estimated 80,000 Indigenous people remained in Australia.
Although hundreds of Indigenous people served in the Australian armed forces, especially in the Second World War, it was not until 1962 that Indigenous people had the right to vote, and not until 1967 that a national referendum recognised them as ‘people of their own country’, and included them in the national census. Also, it was not until 1992 that the High Court of Australia declared that the legal concept of terra nullius (‘land belonging to no-one’) was invalid as applied to Australia. The concept essentially assumed that Australia was unoccupied at the time of colonisation and that land could be acquired through occupation (or settlement).
 
Stoichiometric proportion
No full textDescription: Academic video that serves as a supplement to the subject Introduction to Chemical Engineering and deals with the concept of stoichiometric proportion. Author: Dr. María J. Fernández-Torres; Voice: Wynand Dednam; Translation from the original version in Spanish: Dr. María J. Fernández-Torres.Overview: This video describes the qualitative and quantitative information contained in the concept of "stoichiometric proportion" encountered frequently in Chemical Engineering
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