35 research outputs found
Gerenciamento de Projetos: Eficácia das práticas do PMBOK em Projetos Navais.
No full textEm síntese, este trabalho pretende oferecer uma visão abrangente sobre como as
práticas de gerenciamento de projetos, fundamentadas nas diretrizes do PMBOK,
podem trazer impactos positivos ao setor naval. Acredita-se que a análise proposta
contribuirá para um entendimento mais profundo e prático do tema, promovendo
reflexões que podem inspirar futuras práticas de gestão na área
A cultura intra-muros e seus efeitos nas relações inter e intrapessoal de mulheres presas no Instituto Prisional Feminino Auri Moura Costa no Estado do Ceará - Brasil
No full textTrabajo de Fin de Master en Antropología de Iberoamérica. Curso 2014-2015[EN] The Brazilian prison system, including women, is characterized by being based on
punishment, with overcrowded, dirty, violent prisons with poor facilities, which lack
water and food, and the prisoner subjected to subhuman conditions. All this confirms
the low efficiency in relation to the rehabilitation process and the high recidivism rate.
In the women's prison system this problem are enhanced, mainly by gender peculiarities and the existing internal culture in this "micro-society". This study aimed to identify the internal culture of the Criminal Court judge Female Institute Auri Moura Costa (IPF) and how this affects the inter- and intrapersonal relationships of prisoners, being held a descriptive, analytical ethnographic study of qualitative approach, based on interviews and analysis documentary, adopting the technique of
participant observation and structured, opting for Bardin content analysis. The results
were analyzed in conjunction with statistical data relating to the prison system, in
particular, the IPF. It was established that the internal culture is able to modify the
inter and intrapersonal relationships of inmates, including acting as a determinant in the creation and maintenance of the various social groups formed within the prison,while these groups interfere in the formation of internal culture in a sort of feedback system. This internal culture is so strongly assimilated by prisoners that even after serving the sentence, they tend to keep part of this culture when set free. It was also
found that this culture can both help as disrupt the social reintegration process.
Within this panorama it can be concluded that some actions are conducive to rehabilitation process, as the study and work, but are not enough. Some other aspects, particularly those linked to religious and affection can be useful when aggregated with those in order to ensure better effectiveness of rehabilitation, with
the consequent reduction of the high recidivism rates.[ES] El sistema penitenciario de Brasil, incluyendo a las mujeres, se caracteriza por estar basado en el castigo, con, prisiones superpobladas, sucias violentos con malas
instalaciones, que carecen de agua y alimentos, y el preso sometido a condiciones
infrahumanas. Todo esto confirma la baja eficiencia en relación con el proceso de
rehabilitación y la alta tasa de reincidencia. En el sistema de la cárcel de mujeres de este problema se han mejorado, sobre todo por particularidades de género y la cultura interna existente en esta "micro-sociedad". Este estudio tuvo como objetivo
identificar la cultura interna del juez de la Corte Penal Mujer Instituto Auri Moura
Costa (IPF) y cómo esto afecta a las relaciones inter e intrapersonales de los presos, que se celebra un estudio etnográfico descriptivo, analítico del enfoque cualitativo,basado en entrevistas y análisis documental, la adopción de la técnica de la observación participante y estructurado, optando por el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Los resultados fueron analizados en conjunto con los datos estadísticos relacionados con el sistema penitenciario, en particular, el IPF. Se estableció que la cultura interna es capaz de modificar las relaciones inter e intrapersonales de los internos, incluyendo actuar como un factor determinante en la creación y mantenimiento de los distintos grupos sociales formados dentro de la prisión, mientras que estos grupos interfieren en la formación de la cultura interna en una especie de sistema de retroalimentación. Esta cultura interna está tan fuertemente asimilados por los presos que incluso después de haber cumplido la condena, que tienden a mantener parte de esta cultura, cuando en libertad. También se encontró que esta cultura puede tanto ayuda como interrumpir el proceso de reinserción
social. Dentro de este panorama, se puede concluir que algunas acciones son
propicias para el proceso de rehabilitación, como el estudio y el trabajo, pero no son
suficientes. Algunos otros aspectos, en particular los vinculados a los religiosos y el afecto pueden ser útiles cuando se agrega con los que, a fin de garantizar una
mayor eficacia de la rehabilitación, con la consiguiente reducción de las altas tasas
de reincidencia
Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 mediates gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling to a specific extracellularly regulated kinase-sensitive transcriptional locus in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene
No full textG protein-coupled receptor regulation of gene transcription primarily occurs through the phosphorylation of transcription factors by MAPKs. This requires transduction of an activating signal via scaffold proteins that can ultimately determine the outcome by binding signaling kinases and adapter proteins with effects on the target transcription factor and locus of activation. By investigating these mechanisms, we have elucidated how pituitary gonadotrope cells decode an input GnRH signal into coherent transcriptional output from the LH beta-subunit gene promoter. We show that GnRH activates c-Src and multiple members of the MAPK family, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2. Using dominant-negative point mutations and chemical inhibitors, we identified that calcium-dependent proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 specifically acts as a scaffold for a focal adhesion/cytoskeleton-dependent complex comprised of c-Src, Grb2, and mSos that translocates an ERK-activating signal to the nucleus. The locus of action of ERK was specifically mapped to early growth response-1 (Egr-1) DNA binding sites within the LH beta-subunit gene proximal promoter, which was also activated by p38MAPK, but not c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2. Egr-1 was confirmed as the transcription factor target of ERK and p38MAPK by blockade of protein expression, transcriptional activity, and DNA binding. We have identified a novel GnRH-activated proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2-dependent ERK-mediated signal transduction pathway that specifically regulates Egr-1 activation of the LH beta-subunit proximal gene promoter, and thus provide insight into the molecular mechanisms required for differential regulation of gonadotropin gene expression
The effects of the endocrine disruptors and of the halogens on the female reproductive system and on epigenetics: A brief review
No full textIntroduction: An endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) is defined as "an exogenous chemical or a mixture of chemicals that interfere with any aspect of the hormonal action". Endocrine systems are a physiological interface with the environment and genetic-environmental interactions are disrupted by EDCs. Today, there are almost 1000 chemicals reported to have endocrine effects: the prevalence of EDC in our environment and in our bodies represents a major global health challenge. This review gathers the studies that have investigated the correlations between exposure to EDC and pathologies of the female reproductive system and fetal development. Methods: A PubMed research was conducted using the keywords, their variants, and their combinations (BPA, DES, MXC, pesticides, phthalates, plasticizers, PCBs, dioxins, ovaries, oocytes, ovaries, fallopian tubes, follicles, vagina, uterus, fibroids, fertility, infertility, puberty, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, birth, preterm birth, birth outcome, steroid, hormone, female, girl and menopause). Results: The endocrine system plays a central role in all vertebrates and regulates critical biological functions such as metabolism, development, reproduction, and behavior. Epidemiological studies link EDCs with reproductive effects, neuro-behavioral and neurodevelopment alterations, metabolic syndrome, bone disorders, immune disorders, and cancers in humans. Human investigations confirm the results of the studies carried out on animal showing associations with many additional effects on health, including asthma, learning and behavior problems, premature puberty, infertility, breast and prostate cancer, Parkinson's disease, obesity and other diseases. Conclusions: It is important to undertake research with follow-up methodologies and/or longitudinal studies to detect the extent of exposure of pregnant women to EDCs and halogenated substances and the effects of such exposure on brain development. A future research hypothesis may consider the effect that these substances have on neuro-development and, more specifically, how EDCs are involved in pathogenic disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, a scientific study could be performed on the correlations between this type of substance and the inconveniences found in the field of executive frontal functions
Evaluation of mycelial growth of Lentinula edodes using agroindustrial ingredients as substrate.
No full textLentinula edodes, conhecido como shitake, é um cogumelo comestível consumido em vários países, principalmente pelo seu valor nutricional, medicinal e pelo seu sabor e textura diferenciados. No Brasil, o bom retorno econômico aumentou significantemente a possibilidade do seu cultivo em pequenas áreas, além do baixo investimento inicial, já que, seu cultivo pode ser feito em substratos a base de resíduos de madeireiras ou da indústria agroindustrial. Sendo assim, a utilização de farelos para o enriquecimento do substrato base é um dos pontos importantes a serem abordados. O substrato tradicional para cultivo do shiitake é a serragem de eucalipto, enriquecida com 10 de farelo de trigo. Entretanto, nos últimos anos, vem-se observando grandes variações dessa formulação, sem, no entanto, haver relatos científicos acerca da eficiência de cada formulação. Portanto, não se sabe se o aumento de determinado tipo de farelo tem resultado em aumentos de produtividade que justifiquem a conseqüente elevação do custo de produção. Diante do exposto, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do enriquecimento do substrato de cultivo com diferentes tipos de farelos, isolados ou em combinação, sobre a produtividade do cogumelo shitake. Para todos os tratamentos foram utilizada serragem de eucalipto, correspondendo a 80 do substrato em peso seco. Quando adicionados isoladamente, os farelos foram utilizados a 20. Quando foram utilizados dois tipos de farelo, cada um foi aplicado na concentração de 10, para a combinação de três tipos de farelos, a concentração foi de 6,7 para cada farelo e, para a combinação de quatro tipos, a concentração foi de 5. Os parâmetros avaliados foram velocidade de crescimento micelial (mmdia), produtividade e eficiência biológica de 10 repetições em delineamento de blocos casualizados. A concentração de10 farelo de trigo e 10 farelo de fubá, apresentaram melhor resultado, já o farelo de soja, quanto maior sua concentração, menor o crescimento do fungo. Concluí que a suplementação do substrato é necessária ao bom desenvolvimento do fungo e as opções de farelo de trigo, fubá e arroz se mostraram eficazes quanto a isso, já o farelo de soja, impediu o crescimento micelial do Lentinula edodes.Lentinula edodes, shiitake, is an edible mushroom consumed in many countries, mainly for its nutritional, medicinal value and for its distinctive flavor and texture. In Brazil, the good economic return has significantly increased the possibility of its cultivation in small areas, besides the possibility to use several types of substrates based on wood residues or agroindustry industry. Thus, the use of bran for the enrichment of the substrate is an important point to be addressed. The traditional substrate for shiitake cultivation is eucalyptus sawdust, enriched with 10 wheat bran. However, in recent years, large variations of this formulation have been observed, without, however, scientific reports about the efficiency of each formulation. Therefore, it is not known if the increase of a certain type of bran has resulted in productivity increases that justify the consequent increase in the cost of production. Given the above, this study aims to evaluate the effect of enrichment of cultivation substrate with different types of bran, alone or in combination, on the productivity of shiitake mushroom. Eucalyptus sawdust was used for all treatments, corresponding to 80 of the dry weight substrate. When added alone, the brans were used at 20. When used in combination, each bran was used at 10, 6.7 and 5 for two, three and four types of bran, respectively. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with 10 replications. The concentration of 10 wheat bran and 10 cornmeal showed better results, while soybean meal, the greater its concentration, the lower the growth of the fungus. It was concluded that the substrate supplementation is necessary for the good development of the fungus and the options of wheat bran, corn meal and rice bran proved to be effective in this regard, while soybean meal inhibt the mycelial growth of Lentinula edodes
La resocialización de mujeres presas por medio de las relacionas afectivas: una proposición basada en el sistema de prisiones femeninas brasileño y español
No full text[ES] En Brasil, las últimas décadas se caracterizaron por un fuerte aumento en la tasa de
criminalidad, acompañado por el crecimiento de la población carcelaria, el
fortalecimiento de las facciones criminales que operan en instituciones
correccionales y la ineficiencia de la maquinaria del estado para combatir el crimen.
Además, Brasil no invierte en políticas destinadas a la resocialización. En este
escenario catastrófico se encuentran las cárceles de mujeres, que tienen
características similares a las instituciones masculinas, como instalaciones
precarias, violencia y problemas de género. Opuesto a esto tenemos el sistema
penitenciario español, que se caracteriza por el aspecto humanitario y el respeto por
los derechos sociales de sus prisioneros. Sin embargo, en ambos sistemas
penitenciarios, los aspectos relacionados con las relaciones afectivas son comunes y
forman parte de la vida cotidiana de las mujeres encarceladas. Por lo tanto, este
trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar las relaciones afectivas desarrolladas y
mantenidas por las mujeres encarceladas y que pueden afectar el proceso de
rehabilitación y re-socialización de las reclusas, con el objeto de estudio del Instituto
Criminal Femenino "Desembargadora Auri Moura Costa" y el Centro Penitenciario de
Topas, caracterizando, así, como un estudio de caso múltiple, con una naturaleza
analítica-descriptiva, con un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando entrevistas y análisis de
documentos, adoptando el análisis de contenido de Bardin, además del uso de otras
técnicas. Con base en observaciones, entrevistas y revisión literaria, proponemos la
creación de una identificación sistemática de las relaciones afectivas de las mujeres
encarceladas, en relación con los visitantes y con los derechos sociales
garantizados dentro de la institución. En este contexto, también proponemos la
creación de una estructura jerárquica para segmentar los tipos más diversos de
relaciones afectivas, basada en la movilidad y la actualización periódica, cuya
responsabilidad se atribuye al sector de asistencia social junto con el sector de
seguridad. Durante la investigación también encontramos que el sistema de visitas
de la prisión brasileña no es ineficiente en relación con el papel de proporcionar
medios de rehabilitación y recuperación de los prisioneros en comparación con los
españoles. En este contexto, identificamos puntos que pueden mejorar la calidad del
sistema de visitas brasileño. También descubrimos que las acciones actuales
centradas en los derechos sociales de las mujeres encarceladas, como el trabajo, la
educación, el ocio, entre otros, no cumplen su función dentro del sistema
penitenciario brasileño, a diferencia del sistema español. Esto se debe en gran
medida al modelo de cumplimiento de sentencias establecido por Brasil, donde no
existe una separación adecuada de los presos en función del tipo de delito cometido,
el grado de peligro, la duración de la condena y otros factores. Esto termina
transformando las cárceles brasileñas en verdaderas "universidades del crimen", un
hecho probado por las altas tasas de reincidencia criminal. Por lo tanto, descubrimos
que el proceso de re-socialización podría ser más efectivo si hubiera una
reformulación de las políticas de ejecución criminal, separando principalmente a los
prisioneros de manera efectiva a través de algunos elementos discriminatorios,
como la peligrosidad. Esta separación podría usarse para implementar acciones más
efectivas dirigidas a esta población, contribuyendo a la disminución de la tasa de
reincidencia criminal
Exercise Causes Muscle GLUT4 Translocation in an Insulin-Independent Manner
No full textCopyright: ©2015 Monda M. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is dependent on the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. The most important stimulators of glucose transport in skeletal muscle are insulin and exercise. Glucose uptake in skeletal muscle during exercise induces acceleration of many processes compared to the resting state. The scientific literature does not underline the role played by muscle contraction to increase glucose uptake with insulin-independent mechanisms. Search on Pub Med (May 05, 2015) using the key words "contraction and glucose uptake and muscle " gives 717 reports, while a search using the key words "insulin and glucose uptake and muscle " cites 5676 publications. The present paper describes the role of exercise in the muscle glucose uptake. Contraction of muscle induces GLUT4 translocation in the absence of insulin. There are different intracellular "pools" of GLUT4, one stimulated by insulin and another one stimulated by exercise. The roles exerted by AMPK, AICAR
Microbial additives in the composting process
No full textABSTRACT Composting is the process of natural degradation of organic matter carried out by environmental microorganisms whose metabolic activities cause the mineralization and partial humification of substances in the pile. This compost can be beneficially applied to the soil as organic fertilizer in horticulture and agriculture. The number of studies involving microbial inoculants has been growing, and they aim to improve processes such as composting. However, the behavior of these inoculants and other microorganisms during the composting process have not yet been described. In this context, this work aimed to investigate the effects of using a microbial inoculum that can improve the composting process and to follow the bacterial population dynamics throughout the process using the high-resolution melt (HRM) technique. To do so, we analysed four compost piles inoculated with Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, B. cereus + B. megaterium and a control with no inoculum. The analyses were carried out using samples collected at different stages of the process (5th to 110th days). The results showed that the bacterial inocula influenced the process of composting, altering the breakdown of cellulose and hemicelluloses and causing alterations to the temperature and nitrogen levels throughout the composting process. The use of a universal primer (rDNA 16S) allowed to follow the microbial succession during the process. However, the design of a specific primer is necessary to follow the inoculum throughout the composting process with more accuracy
Atitude e Conhecimento de Médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre Prevenção e Rastreamento do Câncer
No full textIntrodução: A efetividade dos programas de prevenção e rastreamento depende de diversos fatores, mas o papel do médico é um dos principais determinantes de sucesso. Objetivo: Avaliar atitude e conhecimento dos médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Boa Vista (RR) sobre rastreio e medidas preventivas dos cânceres mais incidentes, excluídos os de pele não melanoma. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa de corte transversal. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando o software XLSTAT® 2009. Resultados: 46 médicos (90% da população-alvo) responderam ao questionário; 65% eram do sexo feminino; a média de idade foi 36,5 anos. A maioria dos médicos informou ter atitude quanto ao rastreamento dos cânceres do colo uterino, mama, pulmão e próstata, e apenas metade para câncer colorretal. Quanto à adequação dos métodos indicados, os tumores para os quais as condutas informadas revelaram menor conformidade aos consensos selecionados foram mama (10,9%), colorretal (10,9%), e próstata (17,4%). Para os cânceres do colo do útero (95,7%) e pulmão (78,3%), observaram-se maiores índices de conformidade. As causas de não conformidade tenderam a condutas excessivas no rastreio do câncer. Falta de investimento, deficiência de profissionais e falta de interesse da população foram as barreiras indicadas como de maior importância para o efetivo rastreamento do câncer em Boa Vista. Conclusão: Os médicos demonstram interesse e atitude na prevenção do câncer, apesar de algumas não conformidades com o preconizado nos consensos. Médicos tendem ao rastreamento deficitário do câncer colorretal e excessivo dos demais. A capacitação de profissionais da atenção básica é importante para o efetivo controle do câncer
