1,721,237 research outputs found
How to improve treatment-free remission eligibility in chronic myeloid leukaemia?
No full textThe achievement of treatment-free remission (TFR) has become a
significant clinical end-point in the management of patients with
chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), providing an opportunity to discontinue
therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) while maintaining deep
molecular response (DMR). Early studies, such as the French STIM trial,
have demonstrated that a portion of patients can maintain DMR after
treatment cessation, with rates ranging from 40\% to 50\%, and most
relapses occurring within the first 6 months. Key prognostic factors for
successful TFR, including treatment duration, duration of DMR, risk
scores, and transcript type, have been identified. Optimal patient
selection for TFR remains a challenge, but recent research provides
insights into potential strategies to increase TFR eligibility. Evidence
suggests that early intervention switching to achieve optimal response,
treatment combinations, proactive switch in the case of absence of DMR,
dose-optimization and induction-maintenance approach can improve
molecular responses and, consequently, enhance TFR eligibility. In this
review, we report and discuss all the potential therapeutic strategies
that may enhance eligibility for a first attempt at TFR, with a
particular emphasis on potential future approaches.
Treatment-free remission (TFR) is pivotal in chronic myeloid leukemia
(CML) management. Patient selection remains a challenge, but
interventions like early switching to achieve optimal response,
treatment combinations, switching strategies, dose optimization and
induction-maintenance approach hold promise for improving TFR
eligibility.imag
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
L'ecosistema urbano: implementazione di una ipotesi attraverso esperienze di gestione: la riqualificazione ambientale/funzionale di Homebush Bay (Sidney)
No full textLa ricerca riassunta nel seguente rapporto è incentrata sull'analisi delle performance
ambientali delle città e delle strutture urbane in generale.
Lo studio inizia con un rapido excursus sull'evoluzione del concetto di sviluppo
sostenibile durante gli ultimi 25 anni, dalla sua introduzione nel Rapporto Brundtland
fino al World Summit on Sustainable Development di Johannesburg nel 2002. Tale prima
analisi consente di mettere in risalto l'importanza del ruolo degli attori istituzionali (intesi
in senso ampio) nel determinare l'efficacia delle politiche ambientali.
Successivamente, vengono approfondite e comparate le caratteristiche di alcune strutture
ecologiche stabili, come la comunità climax, con le caratteristiche delle strutture urbane.
Queste strutture ecologiche presentano un'elevata efficienza nel ciclicizzare i flussi
materiali, sfruttando una risorsa energetica rinnovabile (la luce solare). In tal senso esse
sono un buon esempio di strategia naturale verso l'auto-sostenibilità. Parte delle loro
dinamiche possono essere prese a modello per la sostenibilità ambientale dei sistemi
antropici. Al fine di operare tale confronto, la città viene intesa come un particolare
ecosistema, dominato da una singola specie (quella umana), caratterizzata da un'enorme
abilità nel trasformare sia le risorse naturali che il proprio intomo ambientale.
Identificando sotto quali aspetti i sistemi antropici si differenziano da quelli naturali,
l'analisi permette di introdurre un insieme di metafore ecologiche. Queste sono utili sia
per un'interpretazione delle inefficienze ambientali urbane, sia per suggerire alcuni
possibili percorsi per affrontare tali problematiche. Diversità tra gli attori urbani vs.
biodiversità ecologica, la città come parassita dell'ambiente naturale e i flussi metabolici
urbani sono alcuni esempi di tale approccio metaforico. Al tempo stesso, l'attività delle
istituzioni è stata identificata come principale meccanismo a feedback per la stabilità
della città.
Dopo aver introdotto una serie di problematiche che hanno la più alta influenza sulla
sostenibilità della città (tra cui: trasporti, consumo energetico, spazi verdi, il ciclo
dell'acqua, la gestione dei rifiuti, l'inquinamento, ecc.) è stato approfondito lo studio del
modello metabolico urbano, pervenendo allo sviluppo di un nuovo strumento utile alla
descrizione ed all'analisi delle dinamiche e delle performance ambientali urbane. Tale
strumento, chiamato metamodello, è costituito da due parti:
un modello metabolico rielaborato e potenziato (chiamato nuovo modello metabolico
urbano), che considera in maniera esplicita fattori quali il ruolo delle attività
istituzionali, i percorsi di riciclo materiale e la bonifica delle aree contaminate;
un metodo di valutazione, di tipo SWOT, chiamato environmental organising
capacity, elaborato per stimare in che modo i differenti attori di un processo di
sviluppo urbano tengano in considerazione le istanze ambientali. La sua applicazione
è incentrata particolarmente a compendiare l'attività degli attori istituzionali. La
environmental organising capacity è un'estensione nuova del metodo di valutazione
chiamato organising capacity, concepito da EURICUR (Rotterdam), usualmente
impiegato per studiare e comparare i processi di trasformazione urbana.
Infine, il metamodello è stato applicato per analizzare il ruolo delle istanze ambientali nel
processo di riqualificazione di Homebush Bay, sede principale dei Giochi Olimpici di
Sydney 2000. Sebbene di grande valenza naturale ed appetibile per la sua localizzazione
nel contesto metropolitano, tale area risultava seriamente contaminata ed
economicamente depressa. Solo l'organizzazione di un hallmark event di tale caratura ha
permesso di catalizzare un finanziamento in grado di consentire la riqualificazione
dell'area. L'uso del metamodello nella descrizione e nell'analisi del processo di
riqualificazione (sia nella fase pre-olimpica, sia in quella post-olimpica) ha permesso un
approccio innovativo riguardo alle implicazioni che le tematiche ambientali hanno sulla
qualità del comparto edificato e di quello naturale dell'area. L'identificazione degli attori
e dei fattori chiave, la ricostruzione dell'intero processo sotto un quadro ambientale
coerente e l'osservazione su aree limitrofe di attività di riqualificazione indotte, assieme
alla descrizione di nuovi approcci per la risoluzione delle problematiche ambientali,
costituiscono la parte più rilevante dei risultati di tale applicazione.
The research resumed in the following report deals with the environmental performances
of cities and urban structures in general.
The study starts with a brief review of the evolution of the concept of sustainable
development during the last 25 years, from its introduction in the Brundtland Report to
the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg in the year 2002.
This analysis ends showing the relevancy of the role played by institutional actors (meant
in a broad sense) in determining the effectiveness of environmental policies.
As a second step, the characteristics of some stable ecological structures, like the climax
community, are explored and compared with some characteristics of urban structures.
Such ecological structures have a high efficiency in recycling material flows while
exploiting a renewable energy resource (sun light), as such they are a good example of a
natural solution towards self sustainability. Part of their dynamics could be taken as term
of reference for the environmental sustainability of anthropic systems. In order to
perform the comparison, the urban structure is meant as a peculiar ecosystem, dominated
by a single species (human kind), characterised by a great ability in transforming both
resources and its own environment. By identifying the standpoint from which this
anthropic system differentiates from the natural one this analysis allows the introduction
of a set of ecological metaphors. These metaphors are useful for an interpretation of
urban environmental inefficiencies and are used to suggest some possible pathways to
cope with such issues. Diversity among urban actors versus ecological biodiversity, cities
as parasites of the natural environment and the metabolism of cities are some examples of
these ecological metaphors. At the same time, institutional activity is identified as the
most relevant feedback mechanism for the stability of the urban structure.
After having introduced a number of urban issues that have the most relevant influence
on sustainability (e.g. transport, energy consumption, green spaces, water cycle, waste
management, pollution, etc.), the urban metabolic model is deepened in order to develop
a new tool for the description and the analysis of environmental dynamics and
performances in cities. This tool, called metamodel, consists of two parts:
a refined and enhanced metabolic model (named new urban metabolic model), that
explicitly takes into account the role of institutional activities in defining
environmental performances of cities, the pathways to material recycling and the
remediation of contaminated areas;
an evaluation method based on SWOT analysis, called environmental organising
capacity, which is set to assess the environmental soundness of different actors in
urban development processes. Its application has a special focus on the activity of
institutional actors. The environmental organising capacity is a new extension of the
evaluation method called organising capacity conceived by EURICUR (Rotterdam)
and commonly used to analyse and compare urban transformation processes.
As a last step, the metamodel is applied to analyse the role of environmental issues in the
redevelopment process of Homebush Bay, home to the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.
Although relevant from a natural standpoint and inviting for its centric position in the
metropolitan context, this area was seriously contaminated and economically depressed.
Only the staging of such hallmark event generated an amount of funds sufficient to start
and spin the requalification of the site. The use of the metamodel in the description and
the analysis of the redevelopment process (in the pre-Olympic phase and in the post-
Olympic one) gives a new insight on the implications that environmental issues have in
the quality of both the built environment and the natural environment of the area. The
identification of key players and factors, the reconstruction of the entire process under a
coherent environmental framework and the recognition of redevelopment induction in
adjoined areas, together with some came-to-light new approaches to environmental issues
constitute a relevant part of the results of this application
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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