5,372 research outputs found
Regionalisierung von GCMs in zwei alpinen Regionen: europäische Alpen und Himalaja
No full textThe main objective of this thesis is to examine the possibilities and limitations of high resolution climate projections in orographically influenced areas on the examples of the European Alps and the Himalayas. In particular, the question whether observed regional patterns can be better represented in the regional data than in the driving large-scale data is of interest. To this end, regional climate simulations by the COSMO-CLM and from two statistical downscaling methods are compared to ERA40 reanalysis data and data from the global atmosphere-ocean model ECHAM5/MPIOM using various parameters of the climate system. A comparison with the reanalysis on the basis of daily precipitation shows that the accuracy of the COSMO-CLM rainfall data on the 0.5° scale is comparable with ERA40 and statistically downscaled ERA40 precipitation. An additional bias correction of the COSMO-CLM precipitation shows good results. However, a sufficient number of rain days is necessary to give a certain degree of security in the bias estimate. In the present study a threshold of about 500 rain days is proposed. For the South Asian region the reproduction of a realistic Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is of high relevance. Considering only the mean values and temporal variabilities of different large-scale indices, the COSMO-CLM provides no added value compared to the driving data. However, the spatial patterns of rainfall and vertical wind shear as well as the temporal correlation of the ISM indices are improved by the application of the COSMO-CLM to the ECHAM5/MPIOM model. COSMO-CLM projections carried out for the years 1960 to 2100 show negative trends in the ISM indices for the SRES scenarios A2, A1B and B1. The most negative trends are found in A2, followed by A1B and B1. Almost no trends appear in the commitment scenario. Although there are large temporal variabilities, the trends in rainfall, outgoing longwave radiation and meridional and zonal wind shear are statistically significant in many regions of the simulation domain. For north-west India, the projections partially show a decline in rainfall during the monsoon season of more than 70% in 100 years. The decrease in wind shear is found to be based mainly on changes in the upper troposphere at 200 hPa. While in the COSMO-CLM projections all ISM indices show simultaneous negative trends, the trends for the all-India monsoon rainfall in the ECHAM5/MPIOM model are positive. Following the definition of the indices, simultaneous trends are more likely and the COSMO-CLM is able to add value on the global projections in this aspect as well. Overall, the results of this study show that the COSMO-CLM adds valuable regional information to the global models in the two regions investigated. For the river basins of the upper Danube and the upper Brahmaputra, the COSMO-CLM projections reveal a significant rise in temperature in both basins and for all seasons from 1960 to 2100. The values are generally higher in the Brahmaputra area with the highest values in the region of the Tibetan Plateau. For precipitation, there are also clear seasonal trends, such as an increase in spring precipitation in the upper Danube. The largest trends are again simulated in the region of the Tibetan Plateau with an increase of up to 50% in the drought length from June to September and a simultaneous increase of about 10% for the maximum amount of rainfall on five consecutive days. For the region Assam in India, the projections show further an increase of 25% in the number of consecutive dry days during the monsoon season.Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von hochauflösenden Klimaprojektionen in orographisch beeinflussten Gebieten an den Beispielen der europäischen Alpen und des Himalajas zu prüfen. Insbesondere wird die Fragestellung untersucht, ob beobachtete regionale Muster in den höher aufgelösten Daten besser wiedergegeben werden als in den antreibenden großskaligen Daten. Dazu werden regionale Klimasimulationen des COSMO-CLM Modells und Daten von zwei statistischen Regionalisierungsmethoden mit ERA40 Reanalysen sowie Daten des globalen Atmosphäre-Ozean Modells ECHAM5/MPIOM für verschiedene Parameter des Klimasystems verglichen. Ein Vergleich mit den Reanalysen anhand täglicher Niederschlagsstatistiken ergibt, dass die COSMO-CLM Niederschlagsdaten auf der 0.5° Skala vergleichbar sind mit ERA40 Niederschlägen und mit statistisch regionalisierten ERA40 Niederschlägen. Eine zusätzliche Fehlerkorrektur der COSMO-CLM Niederschläge liefert gute Ergebnisse. Dabei sind jedoch etwa 500 Regentage notwendig, um eine robuste Fehlerabschätzung zu gewährleisten. Für das südasiatische Gebiet ist eine realistische Wiedergabe des indischen Sommermonsuns (ISM) in den Modellen von hoher Relevanz. Betrachtet man nur die Mittelwerte und zeitlichen Variabilitäten von verschiedenen Indizes des ISM, so liefert das COSMO-CLM keinen Mehrwert im Vergleich zu den antreibenden Daten. Allerdings werden die räumlichen Strukturen von Niederschlag und vertikaler Windscherung, sowie die zeitliche Korrelation der modellierten Indizes gegenüber dem ECHAM5/MPIOM Modell verbessert. Die durchgeführten COSMO-CLM Projektionen für die Jahre 1960 bis 2100 zeigen negative Trends des ISM für die SRES Szenarien A2, A1B und B1. Die negativsten Trends sind dabei im Szenario A2 zu finden, gefolgt von A1B und B1. Fast keine Trends zeigen sich im commitment Szenario. Trotz großen zeitlichen Variabilitäten sind die Abnahmen in Niederschlagsmengen, ausgehender langwelliger Strahlung und Windscherung statistisch signifikant in großen Regionen des Simulationsgebietes. Für Nordwest-Indien weisen die Projektionen teilweise einen Rückgang der Monsunniederschläge von über 70% in 100 Jahren auf. Der Rückgang der Windscherung ist hauptsächlich auf Veränderungen in der oberen Troposphäre bei 200 hPa zurück zu führen. Während in den COSMO-CLM Projektionen alle Indizes des ISM synchrone Negativtrends aufweisen, sind die Trends für den Monsunregen über Indien im globalen ECHAM5/MPIOM Model positiv. Gemäß den Definitionen der verschiedenen Indizes, sind jedoch synchrone Trends wahrscheinlicher und das COSMO-CLM liefert zu den globalen ISM Projektionen ebenfalls einen Mehrwert. Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Studie, dass das COSMO-CLM wertvolle regionale Zusatzinformationen zu den globalen Modellen in den beiden untersuchten Regionen liefert. Für die Einzugsgebiete der oberen Donau und des oberen Brahmaputra liefern die COSMO-CLM Projektionen einen signifikanten Anstieg der Temperatur für alle Jahreszeiten der Jahre 1960 bis 2100. Die Werte sind generell höher im Brahmaputragebiet, mit den größten Trends in der Region des tibetanischen Plateaus. Im Niederschlag zeigen die saisonalen Anteile ebenfalls klare Trends, beispielsweise eine Zunahme des Frühjahrsniederschlags im Einzugsgebiet der oberen Donau. Die größten Trends werden wiederum in der Region des tibetanischen Plateaus projiziert mit einem Anstieg von bis zu 50% in der Länge der Trockenperioden zwischen Juni und September und einem gleichzeitigen Anstieg von etwa 10% für die maximale Niederschlagsmenge an fünf aufeinander folgenden Tagen. Für die Region Assam in Indien, zeigen die Projektionen zudem eine Zunahme von 25% in der Anzahl der aufeinander folgenden trockenen Tage während der Monsunzei
Author Co-Citation Analysis (ACA): a powerful tool for representing implicit knowledge of scholar knowledge workers
No full textIn the last decade, knowledge has emerged as one of the most important and valuable organizational assets. Gradually this importance caused to emergence of new discipline entitled ―knowledge management‖. However one of the major challenges of knowledge management is conversion implicit or tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. Thus Making knowledge visible so that it can be better accessed, discussed, valued or generally managed is a long-standing objective in knowledge management. Accordingly in this paper author co- citation analysis (ACA) will be proposed as an efficient technique of knowledge visualization in academia (Scholar knowledge workers)
Heterogeneous change detection with PRISMA and COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation imagery for natural disaster management
No full textChange detection (CD) is among the most important tools in natural disaster monitoring. Special emphasis is on heterogeneous CD methods, which allow for a faster response. In this paper, we propose a novel heterogeneous CD method tailored at working with image domains of very different dimensionality, which allows for a greater applicational flexibility. The proposed method integrates deep image-to-image translation, spectral clustering concepts, and manifold learning, and works in a fully unsupervised manner, further enforcing a fast implementation in real-world scenarios. From an application-oriented perspective, the focus is on the recent PRISMA and COSMO-SkyMed missions of the Italian Space Agency
Portfolio of recorded performances and exegesis: Messiaen’s musical language for the jazz pianist - an exploration through performance.
No full textMoving beyond Gunther Schuller’s Third Stream amalgamation of classical and jazz, this study explores whether the musical language of Olivier Messiaen can make a valid contribution to jazz piano performance. Initially, my project sought to answer such questions as: What elements of the musical language of Messiaen already exist in the jazz vocabulary? Am I able to extend this further? What are the timbral structures and pianistic effects within Messiaen’s musical language? What will be the most effective application of Messiaen’s musical language to jazz piano performance? Endeavouring to answer the final question led me to consider such aspects as whether the project should be limited to quoting Messiaen motifs, arranging Messiaen melodies, replacing jazz harmonic structures on standards with examples from Messiaen’s musical language or whether it would be better to approach the research conceptually. The work of Hubert Nuss provided encouraging reassurance that this was not an impossible task. In order to articulate this conception, the initial challenge was to decide how the classical and jazz worlds might meet in a ‘Messiaen’ technique. The approach adopted was similar to that used for undergraduate jazz study, namely, immersion in the piano scores and recordings of Messiaen’s music as well as by live performances. This was followed by the development and assessment of a contrived approach when specific techniques, such as tonal colourings or harmonic structures, were developed through prepared exercises and consciously included in my performance. It was then compared with an intuitive approach when no such precise parameters were established. This submission consists of CD recordings of two public recitals and an exegesis. It documents the development of this Messiaen technique and discusses its application in my performances. It also demonstrates the ways that Messiaen’s musical language can be used within jazz piano performance to provide a colour that distinguishes jazz piano performance in a competitive field.Thesis (M.Mus.) -- University of Adelaide, Elder Conservatorium of Music, 201
Spinal anaesthesia for brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix a comparison of two dose regimes of hypebaric bupivacaine
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.The main purpose of the study was to help establish the best dose regimen of hyperbaric bupivacaine, when combined with intrathecal fentanyl, for spinal anaesthesia for brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. This procedure is performed as a day case at Groote Schuur Hospital
Detection of ground moving targets in COSMO-SkyMed SAR images
No full textThe aim of this work is the development of processing techniques in order to provide the Cosmo-SkyMed (CSK) single-channel SAR system of Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) capabilities. To this purpose a two step processing chain is proposed: the first step performs stationary clutter suppression while the second step performs moving targets detection. For the last step two different detection schemes are proposed based respectively on a Bank of Chirp Scaling Algorithms (BCSA-MTD) and on a Change Detection approach (CD-MTD). The effectiveness of the proposed techniques is demonstrated against CSK data. © 2012 IEEE
Free books to download Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Coursebook with CD-ROM (Cambridge International IGCSE)
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Towards Abstraction: Aesthetics, Institutions and Acousmatic Composition
No full textThis work aims to explore the relationship between institutions, aesthetics and acousmatic music. It highlights how important academic institutions are to the development of electroacoustic music in the UK, and establishes the benefits of being attached to an institution as an electroacoustic composer. An in-depth discussion of the aesthetics of acousmatic music follows, aiming to establish what it is that makes acousmatic music aesthetically valid, and how this view may vary from one institution to another. How institutions directly influence composers’ work through community and facility is of particular interest. The work concludes with a discussion of my own recent compositions, and how they exemplify what I have ascertained about the interlinked nature of institutions and aesthetics
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