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Un cue esogeno non può indurre un processo strategico che compensi la riduzione di allerta tonica. Evidenze dal compito Stroop.
No full textINTRODUZIONE. L’effetto Stroop (ES) può essere modulato dal restringimento del focus attenzionale a una singola lettera di una parola-colore, mediante l’induzione di un orientamento endogeno dell’attenzione. Se l’intenzionalità del partecipante non è necessaria a innescare tale processo, anche un cue esogeno dovrebbe modulare l'ES. Tuttavia, se la riduzione di allerta rende difficile disancorare l’attenzione da un cue esogeno, l’ancoraggio dell’attenzione su una lettera diversa dal target dovrebbe incrementare l’ES. Pertanto, in una condizione di ridotta allerta, dovuta a fattori circadiani e a una parziale deprivazione di sonno, si dovrebbe osservare un incremento dell’ES.
METODO. Venti studenti hanno eseguito un compito Stroop di giorno (G;13:20) e di notte (N; 5:00), in ordine bilanciato. Il compito richiedeva di nominare il colore della lettera centrale. Le parole-colore erano costituite da lettere colorate e il colore di quella centrale poteva essere congruente (C) o incongruente (I) con il significato della parola. Un cue spaziale non predittivo indicava una singola lettera.
RISULTATI. L’ANOVA Sessione (G/N) x Congruenza (C/I) x Cue (Valido/Invalido) ha evidenziato TR più rapidi di G che di N (577/660 ms; F1,19=44;p<.0001), TR minori nella condizione C rispetto alla I (584/654 ms; F1,19=64;p<.0001) e un’interazione Sessione x Congruenza (F1,19=7;p<01), con un ES maggiore di N (701–606 ms) che di G (620–548 ms; ps<.000001). Il Cue (F1,19=14;p<001) ha evidenziato TR inferiori nella condizione Valida rispetto all’Invalida (611/626 ms), ma nessuna interazione(F<1).
CONCLUSIONI. L’interazione Sessione x Congruenza conferma che la riduzione di allerta compromette il controllo cognitivo. In entrambi i livelli di allerta, la presenza del cue è in grado di attrarre l’attenzione, ma non sembra essere adatto a innescare processi strategici in grado di risolvere il conflitto
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics in Coulomb crystals
Get PDFWe present an in-depth study of the nonequilibrium statistics of the irreversible work produced during sudden quenches in proximity to the structural linear-zigzag transition of ion Coulomb crystals in 1+1 dimensions. By employing both an analytical approach based on a harmonic expansion and numerical simulations, we show the divergence of the average irreversible work in proximity to the transition. We show that the nonanalytic behavior of the work fluctuations can be characterized in terms of the critical exponents of the quantum Ising chain. Due to the technological advancements in trapped-ion experiments, our results can be readily verified
Allerta, Orientamento e Sistema Esecutivo: può l’orientamento endogeno modulare la relazione tra i sistemi attenzionali
No full textQuesto studio si propone di valutare la modulazione emisfericadell’efficienza e dell’interazione dei sistemi attenzionali: orientamento, allertae funzioni esecutive. A tal scopo sono state manipolate le componenti volontariedell’attenzione mediante una versione modificata dell’AttentionalNetwork Test (ANT). I risultati hanno confermato la sensibilità del compitonel valutare l’orientamento attenzionale e il sistema esecutivo e hanno evidenziatouna modulazione emisferica dell’allerta
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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