169,979 research outputs found
"Vis grata puellis". Fortuna di un pregiudizio: il "caso" Lucrezia
No full textIl contributo si propone di rintracciare, attraverso un breve excursus nella cultura umanistica, la permanenza in società contrassegnate da profondi mutamenti culturali, di modelli e stereotipi sulla violenza sessuale che affondano le loro radici lontanissime nella cultura classica e che si fondano sull’atavica diffidenza nei confronti della presunta vittima della violenza e sul presupposto del quasi inevitabile consenso/assenso della donna
La radicalità e la persistenza di questo modello culturale trova conferma nella sua applicazione a Lucrezia, la matrona romana celebrata dalla tradizione come exemplum pudicitiae . In un manoscritto miscellaneo di età umanistica in cui vengono tramandati tre excerpta di carattere retorico, la virtuosa sposa di Collatino si ritrova ad essere protagonista in un vero e proprio processo orientato a stabilirne ruoli e responsabilità nello stuprum perpetrato da Sesto Tarquinio.This paper is a reflection on a deeply rooted and lasting cultural model: the distrust of an alleged victim of sexual violence. The proof of its reception can be found out in the rediscovery of Lucrezia’s “case” during Humanism: the suspicion of guilt also affects the idea of Roman matron, traditionally celebrated as an exemplum pudicitiae
Solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of four crystalline forms of isotactic poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)
No full textFour crystalline forms of isotactic poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (i-P4MP) (forms I, II, II, and IV) have been studied through solid-state C-13 NMR CP-MAS spectroscopy. The assignment of the resonances observed in the C-13 NMR CP-MAS spectra was made by dipolar dephasing experiments. The presence in all spectra of two distinct resonances, separated by approximate to 3 ppm, of the methyl carbons indicates that the two methyls belonging to the monomeric unit are nonequivalent. This has been explained on the basis of the gamma-gauche shielding interaction and of the conformations of polymer chains and lateral groups. The resonances observed in the spectrum of form III are markedly deshielded compared to those of other forms, whereas the resonances of form I are deshielded compared to those of form IV. This deshielding has been consistently interpreted on the hypothesis that the amount of the gamma-gauche shielding effect depends on the value of the torsion angles of the main chain. Indeed, the torsion angles of the main chain for the 7/2 helical conformation of form I deviate, on average, by 12-15 degrees from the exact staggered values of 60 degrees and 180 degrees (the average values of the torsion angles are theta(1) = 72 degrees and theta(2) = 195 degrees) they deviate by 22-26 degrees for the 4/1 helical conformation of form III (theta(1) = 82 degrees and theta(2) = 206 degrees). The gamma-gauche shielding parameter, normally -5 ppm when the gauche angle is nearly 60 degrees, decreases to a value between -2 and -2.5 ppm when the torsion angle deviates by nearly 20 degrees from 60 degrees. In the form IV, the upfield shift of the resonances, compared to forms I and III indicates that the carbon atoms experience a full gamma-gauche shielding interaction and, hence, the main chain torsion angles theta(1) and theta(2) are near 60 and 180 degrees, respectively, typical of a helical 3/1 conformation. This analysis allows us to suggest that the form IV of i-P4MP is characterized by chains in 3/1 helical conformation. The resonances of the methyl carbons of the four forms of i-P4MP show narrow splittings (1-2 ppm) which should be traced back to packing effects. This has provided a chance of testing the packing model of form I and form III proposed in the literature. In the spectrum of form I, the resonance of backbone methine carbons is also split in a doublet. This splitting is due to conformational effects, rather than packing effects and confirms that, according to the refinement of the crystal structure of form I, the chains assume a helical conformation slightly distorted from the uniform 7/2 helix. The succession of torsion angles along the main chain is ...TGT'G " T " G "..., instead of (TG)(n). Therefore, backbone methine carbons of different monomeric units are conformationally nonequivalent because they experience different amounts of gamma-gauche shielding effects owing to different values of the gauche torsion angle theta(1) of different monomeric units
Un cue esogeno non può indurre un processo strategico che compensi la riduzione di allerta tonica. Evidenze dal compito Stroop.
No full textINTRODUZIONE. L’effetto Stroop (ES) può essere modulato dal restringimento del focus attenzionale a una singola lettera di una parola-colore, mediante l’induzione di un orientamento endogeno dell’attenzione. Se l’intenzionalità del partecipante non è necessaria a innescare tale processo, anche un cue esogeno dovrebbe modulare l'ES. Tuttavia, se la riduzione di allerta rende difficile disancorare l’attenzione da un cue esogeno, l’ancoraggio dell’attenzione su una lettera diversa dal target dovrebbe incrementare l’ES. Pertanto, in una condizione di ridotta allerta, dovuta a fattori circadiani e a una parziale deprivazione di sonno, si dovrebbe osservare un incremento dell’ES.
METODO. Venti studenti hanno eseguito un compito Stroop di giorno (G;13:20) e di notte (N; 5:00), in ordine bilanciato. Il compito richiedeva di nominare il colore della lettera centrale. Le parole-colore erano costituite da lettere colorate e il colore di quella centrale poteva essere congruente (C) o incongruente (I) con il significato della parola. Un cue spaziale non predittivo indicava una singola lettera.
RISULTATI. L’ANOVA Sessione (G/N) x Congruenza (C/I) x Cue (Valido/Invalido) ha evidenziato TR più rapidi di G che di N (577/660 ms; F1,19=44;p<.0001), TR minori nella condizione C rispetto alla I (584/654 ms; F1,19=64;p<.0001) e un’interazione Sessione x Congruenza (F1,19=7;p<01), con un ES maggiore di N (701–606 ms) che di G (620–548 ms; ps<.000001). Il Cue (F1,19=14;p<001) ha evidenziato TR inferiori nella condizione Valida rispetto all’Invalida (611/626 ms), ma nessuna interazione(F<1).
CONCLUSIONI. L’interazione Sessione x Congruenza conferma che la riduzione di allerta compromette il controllo cognitivo. In entrambi i livelli di allerta, la presenza del cue è in grado di attrarre l’attenzione, ma non sembra essere adatto a innescare processi strategici in grado di risolvere il conflitto
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Asymptomatic arteriopathy of the lower limbs. Prevalence and risk factors in a population of southern Italy
No full textHepatitis B and C virus infection in Crohn's disease.
No full textPatients with Crohn's disease (CD) are at higher risk of hepatitis C (HCV) and B virus (HBV) infection, because of surgical and/or endoscopic procedures. However, the prevalence of HCV and HBV infection in CD is unknown. This issue may be relevant because of the growing use of immunomodulatory drugs in CD. The purpose of this study was to assess, in a multicenter study, the prevalence and risk factors of HCV and HBV infection in CD. The effect of immunomodulatory drugs for CD on the clinical course of hepatitis virus infections and of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on the course of CD was examined in a small number of patients. Sera from 332 patients with CD and 374 control subjects (C) were tested for the following: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), HBcAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, anti-HCV, and HCV-RNA, An additional 162 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were tested as a disease control group. Risk factors were assessed by multivariate statistical analysis. Infection by either HCV or HBV was detected in 24.7% of patients with CD. In the age groups younger than 50 years, HCV prevalence was higher in CD than in C (p = 0.01). HCV infection in CD was associated with surgery (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.00-2.93; p = 0.04), blood transfusions (OR 3.39; 95% CI 1.04-11.04; p = 0.04), and age (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.61-3.56; p < 0.001). The event CD-related surgery appeared to be the main risk factor for HCV infection in CD. HCV prevalence was higher in CD (7.4%) than in UC (0.6%) (p = 0.001). HBcAb positivity was higher in CD (10.9%) and UC (11.5%) than in C (5.1%) (CD vs. C: p = 0.016; UC vs. C: p = 0.02), associated with age (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.37-3.17; p = 0.001) and female gender (OR 2.68; 95% Cl 1.37-3.17; p = 0.001) in CD and to UC duration (OR 1.20; 95% Cl 1.06-1.36; p = 0.002). Immunomodulatory drugs did not influence the course of HBV or HCV infection in seven patients with CD, and IFN-alpha for chronic hepatitis C did not affect CD activity in six patients with CD. It is concluded that HBV prevalence is higher in CD than in C at all ages, whereas HCV prevalence is increased in young patients with CD, because of a greater need for surgery. The higher HCV (but not HBV) prevalence in CD than in UC suggests that the host immune response may influence the risk of HCV infection. Although a relatively high proportion of patients with CD showed HBV and/or HCV infections, this should not influence treatment strategies for CD
Asymptomatic arteriopathy of the lower limbs. Prevalence and risk factors in a population of southern Italy
No full textMitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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