1,720,992 research outputs found
Il discorso astrologico sulla "cometa" del 1572 del carmelitano Francesco Giuntini: aspettative e inquietudini dal cielo alla terra nell'epoca della Controriforma
Full text linkThe nova star that appeared in 1572 (known today as Tycho’s supernova) was considered to be a comet, rather than a star, by many astronomers and observers of that time. Francesco Giuntini (1522-1590), a Florentine man of letters, Carmelite theologian, and skilled astrologer, was among those who regarded the unexpected nocturnal light as a sublunary comet, albeit with some inconsistencies. The identification of the nova with a cometary phenomenon was in accordance with the “standard physics” of the late Renaissance, namely Aristotelian natural philosophy, which was still being taught and learned as the common basis of knowledge in universities and colleges all across Europe. From this point of view, Giuntini conformed his understanding of the nova to the general scientific framework of his age, even though in the end he mixed up his own interpretation with a different view, which had been advanced in the meantime by the Flemish astronomer Cornelius Gemma (1535-1578). Nevertheless, the short astrological discourse, or giudicio, that Giuntini composed on the topic and published in Venice in the immediate aftermath of the stunning astronomical sighting does present a few original elements, which are briefly examined and discussed in the present contribution. Giuntini’s Discorso sopra la cometa apparsa nel mese di novembre 1572 fully belongs to the genre literature of vernacular prognostications on comets with prophetic overtones. As late as the end of the sixteenth century, this kind of literature was still in high demand among a wide range of readers and patrons, whose anxieties in this case were as deep as their fear of an impending threat from the sky. For us today the astrological plaquette by Giuntini works like a prism of those fears, disquietudes and old beliefs, which were widespread among both laymen and the learned society of the Italian peninsula and France in the age of the Counter-reformation
Verità e comparazione in Aristotele
Full text linkThis research aims to study the Aristotelian notion of truth (ἀλήθεια) in relation to the development of the so called logic of comparison from a historical and philosophical standpoint. The logic of comparison (or comparative logic) is defined as the proportioning way to make comparisons between different terms through major, minor or equal measure (Casari 1984; 1985). The main thesis of this research is that the Aristotelian notion of truth is not a gradable value, i. e. declinable by “more” or “less”, but, because of that, it could be considered as the ultimative reference of validity for comparative logic. This is argued through the analysis of three chosen key-concepts: gradationism, truth and comparison. Firstly, it is shown how some Aristotelian conceptions about “more” or “less” were unduly taken over with ontological (mis)understanding by later metaphisics, up to consider them as logical justification of existence for degrees of being and corresponding truths, despite Aristotle’s thought, from faulty sensibility to a highest level of absolute Truth. Some recent authoritative studies about the subject of the Aristotelian theory of ἀλήθεια are been considered here and the result is that none of those allows to attribute such a gradable notion to Aristotle. Then it is proposed a critique evaluation about the problem of the origins of the ancient comparative logic, showing that presumed degrees of truth are not detectable at all in the Aristotelian dialectic, but only more or less sound arguments always based on the criterion of bivalence (truth/false) provided by the Principle of Excluded Middle. Finally, the research ends arguing the groundlessness for attributing to Aristotle the idea of an intuitive and pre-predicative truth as different, prior and superior to an alleged predicative truth through the contextual critique of the interpretations of A. Trendelenburg (1846), F. Brentano (1862) and M. Heidegger (1930) and their common Neo-Scholastic background. - From a theoretical point of view, the whole thesis can be read as a critique to the idea of «truer»La presente ricerca mira a studiare da un punto di vista storico-filosofico la nozione aristotelica di verità (ἀλήθεια) in relazione allo sviluppo della cosiddetta logica della comparazione. La logica della comparazione (o comparativa) è definita come la procedura di proporzionamento atta ad effettuare confronti tra diversi termini di paragone secondo maggiore, minore o uguale misura (Casari 1984; 1985). La tesi centrale di questa ricerca è che la nozione aristotelica di verità non sia un valore gradazionistico, declinabile cioè secondo “più” e “meno”, ma che, proprio in virtù di questo, possa costituire il riferimento di validità per una comparazione logica. Tre sono i concetti chiave attorno ai quali si articola l’esposizione: gradazionismo, verità, comparazione. In tema di gradazionismo, si mostra come alcune concezioni logiche aristoteliche siano state poi equivocate in senso ontolgico dalle metafisiche successive, fino a giustificare, malgrado Aristotele, l’esistenza di livelli di essere-verità culminanti in un Vero assoluto. In tema di verità, si prendono in analisi alcune recenti autorevoli interpretazioni sul tema dell’ἀλήθεια aristotelica e si dimostra come nessuna di queste autorizzi ad attribuire ad Aristotele una nozione gradazionistica di verità. In tema di comparazione, si cerca di offrire un bilancio critico riguardo all’origine della logica comparativa antica, mostrando come nella dialettica aristotelica non siano rilevabili gradi di verità, quanto piuttosto modi più o meno fondati di argomentare, sempre basati comunque sulla presupposizione del criterio di bivalenza (vero/falso) ben definito dal principio del terzo escluso. Infine, la ricerca si conclude sostenendo l’implausibilità di attribuzione ad Aristotele dell’idea di una nozione di verità intuizionistica ed antepredicativa come differente, prioritaria e superiore rispetto ad una verità del giudizio, attraverso la critica contestuale di A. Trendelenburg (1846), F. Brentano (1862) e M. Heidegger (1930) e alla loro comune impostazione neoscolastica. - Da un punto di vista teoretico, questa tesi può essere letta come una critica all’idea di «più vero
Galileo alias Astolfo Arnerio Marchiano e la disputa padovana sulla Stella Nuova
No full textThe author of the "Discorso sopra la stella nuova comparsa l'ottobre prossimo passato dell'eccentissimo astrologo, et medico, Astolfo Arnerio Marchiano" is Galileo Galilei
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Astronomia pavana nel 'Dialogo de Cecco di Ronchitti da Bruzene in perpuosito de la stella nuova' tra commedia, satira, disputatio accademica e poesia
No full textWho wrote the dialectal 'Dialogo de Cecco de' Ronchitti da Bruzene in perpuosito de la stella nuova'? This research essay argues that the real author of the peculiar work was Galileo Galilei, as it is was originally supposed by Antonio Favaro in 1880 and here finally confirmed through an original analysis of the underlying literary references and genres. The young benedictine monk and Galileo's student Girolamo Spinelli, who was believed to be the writer for a long time, is identified as the author's linguistic consultant and "the mask" behind the name on the cover
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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