1,721,085 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
GeXplore : development of e genome-wide approach to studying host-pathogen
No full textLes technologies d'études génomiques ont été utilisées avec succès pour l’identification de facteurs de virulence bactériens ou de vaccins potentiels. Malheureusement, la complexité et les limitations intrinsèques relatives à ces approches ont entravé leur large diffusion. Nous présentons le développement d'une technologie d'étude à l'échelle du génome entier, appelée GeXplore. Elle est basée sur le ribosome display et a été conçue pour fonctionner en conditions in vitro, afin d'éviter des inconvénients d'approches telles que le phage display. Nous avons utilisé la plate-forme Illumina pour obtenir la carte-génomique de 3 espèces : S. aureus, S. gallolyticus et M. ulcerans. Les génomes obtenus ont été caractérisés et utilisés comme références pour l'analyse des banques et produits de sélection. Nous avons développé et optimisé ensuite une stratégie de clonage alternative qui permet la préparation in vitro des banques et leurs amplifications. Nous avons analysé la représentativité des banques à l'aide du NGS et observé un biais pour les séquences pauvres en Gc. Puis, nous avons amélioré la spécificité de notre méthode et l'avons validée en utilisant une interaction protéine-ligand bien caractérisée. GeXplore est ainsi capable d'identifier de multiples domaines de ligands au sein de banques génomiques provenant d'organismes pathogènes. Enfin, nous avons tenté d'identifier les immunoprotèomes de S. gallolyticus et M. ulcerans en utilisant des anticorps provenant de patients. Nous démontrons que notre méthode permet d'identifier de multiples domaines de protéines exposées à la surface présentant des propriétés potentiellement antigéniques / immunogènes.Genome-wide display technologies have been successfully used for identification of multiple bacterial virulence factors and potential vaccine candidates. Unfortunately, the relative complexity and intrinsic limitations of such approaches have hampered their wide spread in the scieniific community. Here, we present the development of a streamlined genome-wide display technology, which we term GeXplore. It is based on ribosome display and was designed 10 work under completely in vitro conditions, therefore aiming at avoiding several drawbacks of earner approaches which involve in vivo step{s) such as cell surface or phage display. First, we used Illumina platform to obtain draft genomes of S. aureus, S. gallolyticus and M.ulcerans isolates. Obtained drafts were partially characterized and used as reference sequences for selection input and output analysis. Secondly, we developed an alternative GC-assisted cloning strategy which allows for completely in vitro preparation and amplification of random genomic libraries. We analysed the coverage 01 the obtained libraries using next-qeneration sequencing and report an important source of coverage bias. Thirdly, we improved the specificity our method which was then validated using a well-characterized protein-ligand interaction. We demonstrate that GeXplore is able to identify multiple ligand-biding domains out of pathogen-derived genomic libraries. Finally, we applied GeXplore to identify immune-relevant proteomes of S. gallolyticus and M. ulcerans using patient-derived antibodies. We demonstrate that our method allows the identification of multiple surface-exposed protein domains with potentially antigenic/immunogenic properties
Phylogénie et tropisme de Cutibacterium acnes : impact sur la réaction inflammatoire et la réaction immunitaire lors des infections sur implant
No full textL’objectif de cette thèse a été d’étudier la physiopathologie des infections à Cutibacterium (anciennement Propionibacterium) acnes). D’un point de vue phylogénique, nous avons démontré par MLST la prédominance des complexes clonaux (CC) 36 et 53 au sein des infections sur prothèse articulaire et celles des CC18 et 28 au sein des isolats responsables d’acné ou d’infection sur matériel rachidien. Grâce à un modèle de Caenorhabditis elegans, nous avons identifié deux groupes de virulence chez C. acnes. Ces groupes n’étaient pas corrélés au CC ou à l’origine clinique des isolats. Les études d’interaction de C. acnes avec les cellules osseuses ont montré que les isolats appartenant au CC36 ne sont pas internalisés par les ostéoblastes et les ostéoclastes contrairement aux isolats appartenant aux CC18/28. Par ailleurs, ces derniers sont capables de persister au sein des ostéoblastes pendant au moins 96 heures. Les souches de C. acnes diminuent in vitro la résorption osseuse avec un effet plus marqué pour les isolats du CC36. L’analyse par séquençage du génome entier a révélé 27 gènes de C. acnes potentiellement liés au phénotype d’internalisation cellulaire. Les études d’interaction de C. acnes avec les cellulaires immunitaire ont révélé, grâce à un modèle de granulome in vitro, que les isolats appartenant au CC36 orientent la réponse immunitaire vers le recrutement de lymphocytes CD8+ alors que les isolats du CC18/28 orientent cette réponse vers le recrutement de lymphocytes CD4+. L’isolat S8 issu d’un ganglion d’un patient atteint de sarcoïdose engendrait la formation d’un plus grand nombre de granulomes. L’étude de souches cliniques de C. acnes résistantes à la rifampicine nous a permis de caractériser sur le plan moléculaire les mutations au sein du gène rpoB responsables de cette résistance. Au décours de ce travail, nous avons identifié et décrit une nouvelle espèce au sein du phylum des Actinobacteria : Propionibacterium namnetense. L’ensemble de ces travaux apporte de nouvelles explications sur le développement des infections à C. acnes à travers le prisme de la phylogénie de cette bactérie.Using a Caenorhabditis elegans model, we identified two virulence groups of C. acnes not linked to their CC or clinical origin. Studies about C. acnes and bone cells interactions showed that CC36 C. acnes strains were significantly less internalized by osteoblasts and osteoclasts than CC18 and CC28 C. acnes strains. The CC18 C. acnes ATCC6919 isolate could survive intracellularly for at least 96 hours. C. acnes significantly decreased the resorption ability of osteoclasts with a major impact by the CC36 strain. Genome analysis revealed 27 genes possibly linked to these phenotypic behaviors. Studies about C. acnes interactions with immune cells revealed, thanks to a granuloma in vitro model, that isolate belonging to CC36 recruits more CD4+ lymphocytes inside the granuloma, whereas isolates belonging to CC18/28 recruit more CD4+ lymphocytes. The S8 strain isolated from the lymph node of a sarcoidosis patient generates more granulomas than other strains (acne and PJI isolates). Clinical strains of C. acnes resistant to rifampicin allowed us to characterize the mutations in the rpoB gene leading to this resistance. During this work, we identified and described a new species among the Actinobacteria phylum: Propionibacterium namnetense. Taken together, these studies provide new explanations about the development of C. acnes infections through the angle of the phylogeny of this bacteria. The aim of this thesis was to study the physiopathology of Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes infections. From a phylogeny point of view, by MLST, we showed that C. acnes belonging to clonal complexes (CC) 36/53 were associated to prosthetic joint infections (PJI) and CC18/28 C. acnes isolates were linked to acne and spine material infections
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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