1,720,955 research outputs found
SEAs of Uncertainty - Uncertainty analysis of Strategic Environmental Impact Assessments for offshore wind energy in Norway
No full textNorge planlegger å bygge sine første kommersielle havvindparker. Bygging av havvindparker er knyttet til en rekke miljøpåvirkninger, og kunnskapen er begrenset. Derfor fikk Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat (NVE) en oppgave om å gjennomføre strategiske miljøkonsekvensutredninger (SEA) for de tre potensielle utviklingsområdene Vestavind B, Vestavind F og Sørvest F. Disse SEA-ene skal håndtere eksisterende usikkerheter, tilgjengelig kunnskap og anbefale hvilke områder som bør åpnes for utbygning av havvind.
Denne avhandlingen utforsker og karakteriserer de viktigste usikkerhetene samt håndtering av usikkerhetene i SEA-ene for de tre områdene Vestavind B, Vestavind F og Sørvest F. Usikkerheter blir identifisert gjennom dokumentanalyse av NVE sin nettside om SEA-ene og ekspertrapportene om Bunnsamfunn og naturtyper, Biologisk mangfold i de frie vannmasser og Fugl, flaggermus og insekter. En 5-dimensional-usikkerhetsmatrise brukes for å karakterisere og kategorisere usikkerheter. En typologi av strategier for håndtering av usikkerhet i SEA-ene brukes for å identifisere håndtering av usikkerhet.
Analysen viser til store kunnskapshull, og bare et fåtall dimensjoner av usikkerheter er delvis identifisert i SEA-ene. Sentrale usikkerheter eksisterer hovedsakelig i dataene, konteksten og ekspertvurderingene. To hovedtendenser identifiseres i håndteringen av usikkerhet i SEAene: 1) Essensielt informasjon om usikkerhet blir ikke alltid overført fra ekspertrapportene til nettsiden. Dette resulterer i at, på nettsiden, fremstilles usikkerhet mindre synlig og i lavere grad enn i ekspertrapportene. 2) Akkumulasjon av usikkerhet gjennom stegene i SEA-ene blir ikke systematisk adressert i NVE sin utredning. Usikkerhetene må bli anerkjent, effektivt kommunisert og handtert for at beslutningstakerne skal kunne ta avgjørelser med innsikt rundt usikkerheter og limitasjoner i kunnskapen.Norway is planning to build its first commercial offshore wind farms. The construction of offshore wind farms will have various environmental impacts, and knowledge is limited. Therefore, the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) was tasked with conducting strategic environmental impact assessments (SEA) for the three potential areas of development Vestavind B, Vestavind F and Sørvest F. These SEAs must deal with the existing uncertainties, available knowledge, and recommend which areas should be opened for development.
This thesis explores and characterises the key uncertainties in the SEAs for the three areas Vestavind B, Vestavind F and Sørvest F and details how the uncertainties are handled. Uncertainties are identified through document analysis of NVE’s website on the SEAs and the expert reports on Benthic communities and habitats, Biodiversity in the water column and Birds, bats and insects. A 5-dimensional uncertainty matrix is used to characterise and typify uncertainty. A typology of strategies of handling uncertainty in SEAs is used to identify how uncertainty is dealt with.
The analysis shows that large knowledge gaps exist, and only some dimensions of uncertainty are partly identified within the SEAs. Key uncertainties can be mainly found in the data, context and expert judgement. Two main patterns can be identified in handling uncertainty in the SEAs: 1) Essential uncertainty information tends to disappear going from the expert reports to the website. As a result, on the website, uncertainty is much less visible and communicated as smaller as compared to the expert reports. 2) The accumulation of uncertainty throughout the various steps of the SEAs are not systematically addressed nor critically evaluated in NVE’s evaluation. These uncertainties must be acknowledged, effectively communicated and handled as decision makers need to be able to act in full awareness of uncertainties and limitations in the knowledge base that informs their decisions.MasteroppgaveSDG350MAHF-SD
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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