1,721,608 research outputs found
Are concerns about DSM-5 ADHD criteria supported by empirical evidence?
No full textThomas and colleagues are worried about the recent change in the maximum age of symptom onset in the diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from 7 years in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) to 12 years in DSM-5.1 2 3 They think that this change may increase “the risk of confusing ADHD with normal developmental processes, such as pubertal restlessness and distractibility.” Although it is a legitimate concern, I am not aware of any empirical evidence to support it.Indeed, a study of 2232 British children showed that extending the age of onset from 7 to 12 years increases the prevalence of ADHD by only 0.1%.4 If this change had led to non-pathological behaviours being diagnosed as ADHD, a bigger increase in prevalence would be expected. Children diagnosed with ADHD before and after 7 years also had similar clinical profiles and ADHD risk factors.4This recent change in the age of onset criterion was aimed at reducing false negative diagnoses in adults. Only half of adults assessed for ADHD recall onset of symptoms before age 7; 95% report onset before age 12.5 The UK study suggested that adults who retrospectively reported onset of ADHD between 7 and 12 years probably had symptoms before 7 years.4 Therefore, keeping the age of onset criterion at 7 years would contribute to underdiagnosis in a substantial number of adults.Finally, to avoid labelling transitory processes as ADHD, DSM-5 criteria specify that “symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level.” DSM-5 criteria are therefore unlikely to increase the risk of misdiagnosing pubertal restlessness and distractibility as ADHD. However, as Thomas and colleagues note,1 pubertal restlessness and distractibility should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ADHD.<br/
Guidance on conducting systematic reviews/meta-analyses of pharmacoepidemiological studies of safety outcomes: the gap is now filled
Get PDFUntil recently, no comprehensive guidance specifically on the conduction of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of pharmacoepidemiological studies of safety outcomes was available. In December 2015, the European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharamacovigilance (ENCePP), a network coordinated by the European Medicines Agency, published their ‘Guidance on conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of completed comparative pharmacoepidemiological studies of safety outcomes’, filling an important gap in the field. This paper highlights the ENCePP recommendations in terms of study identification, data extraction, study quality appraisal and analytical plan. Although the ENCePP document should not be considered as definitive, since it will likely be refined following researchers’ feedback, it is expected that it will be highly influential and useful for the field, with the ultimate goal to improve and standardise the conduction and reporting of systematic reviews/meta-analyses of pharmacoepidemiological studies of safety outcomes
Letter. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity: moving to the next research generation
No full textAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): from randomised controlled trials to evidence-based clinical services
No full textDoes psychostimulant treatment in children with ADHD increase later risk of substance use disorder?
Get PDFPsychostimulants are the first choice medication in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Despite the proven high efficacy of psychostimulants, at least in the short term, for ADHD core symptoms, concerns continue to be raised on their adverse effects, including putative increased risk of substance use disorders (SUDs). A recent multicentre, case–control, longitudinal, prospective, European study by Groenman and colleagues found that treatment with psychostimulants in children with ADHD lowered the risk of SUDs in adolescence. However, this finding is at odds with other recent evidence concluding that ADHD children with and without medication treatment history did not significantly differ on any subsequent SUDs rates. In the present paper, we discuss the study by Groenman and colleagues in view of its methodological strengths and limitations, and we suggest possible implications for day-to-day clinical practice
Effectiveness of iron supplementation in a young child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
No full textA 3-year-old child was referred to consultation for hyperactivity, attention deficit, impulsivity, and sleep problems. He met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. At baseline, the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale and the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale raw total scores were 30 and 32, respectively. The child had low a serum ferritin level (13 ng/mL). After 8 months of treatment with Tardyferon (ferrous sulfate, 80 mg/day), his serum ferritin increased to 102 ng/mL. Both parents and teachers reported considerable behavioral improvement. The Conners’ Parent and Teacher Rating Scale raw total scores decreased to 19 and 13, respectively. This is the first report of the effectiveness of iron supplementation in a young child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorde
Review:ADHD impairs quality of life, but children and young people with ADHD perceive less impairment than parents
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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