38,439 research outputs found
Clinical Management of Familial Gastric Cancer
No full textThe clinical management of familial gastric carcinoma requires a multidisciplinary counsel. In this chapter we discuss about the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer surveillance and other minor genetic diseases as the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Moreover we proposed an algorithm for the clinical management of familial intestinal gastric tumors, in which genetic test is not applicable
The Family Cancer Database
No full textFamily history's collection is an important step to evaluate the risk accuracy for asymptomatic members. Clinical data can be archived carefully in a family databases; a complete cancer archive requires the record of several information. Pedigree's design is necessary to approach at proband with a suspicious hereditary cancer. We develop an interactive family cancer database, with a large series of patients affected by primary gastric cancer including also a control population (cancer free). All data are stored in a set of tables, recorded in Microsoft Access. Aim of this archive is to identify individuals with family cancer history, and to manage asymptomatic members
Frequency of Familial Gastric Cancer
No full textAbout 80–90 % of gastric cancer appears as sporadic form, and 10–20 % with a familial setting; however, considering the different worldwide countries, this frequency appears extremely variable. In high risk-area for gastric tumors this incidence results higher than in low-risk zones. Conversely, the frequency of CDH1 germline mutations is contrasting with the incidence of familial gastric carcinoma. Exploring these considerations, in high-risk area it seems that environmental factors exercise a stronger mechanism in the familial gastric carcinogenesis. This data could open new approaches in the gastric cancer prevention test; before to candidate a proband for the CDH1 genetic screening, geographic variability, alongside the family history should be considered
Standard and extended lymphadenectomy: technical notes
No full textSurgical procedures for the dissection of the various lymph nodes stations
differ depending on the location and stage of the gastric tumor. The
guidelines of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association recommend D2
(standard) lymphadenectomy for the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma.
However, an emerging surgical approach to the treatment of gastric
tumors is the D3 (extended) lymphadenectomy, indicated for
advanced cancers and in patients in good general health who are under
75 years of age. In this chapter, we discuss the D2 standard and D3
extended surgical techniques for the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma
Etiopathogenesis of gastric cancer
No full textThe introduction of molecular biology into cancer genetics has resulted in the clarification of several crucial aspects in the etiopathogenesis and tumorigenesis of human cancer. However, gastric cancer continues to represent a clinical burden because of its unfavorable prognosis and our
poor knowledge of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the early steps in the initiation of gastric tumor development. Progress has been made through the elucidation of different molecular signaling cascades,
such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, in which the mutator phenotype has been ascribed to a deficiency of the mismatch repair system. While this and similar recent discoveries are still being discussed with respect to their scientific implications, it may nonetheless
be appropriate to consider potential clinical applications in the management of patients with gastric cancer
Long-term results after R0 resection in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer
No full textThe International Union against Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer system define residual tumor as R0 when the surgical procedure is concluded without any evidence of macroscopic residual tumor. This index is considered an important factor in terms of the prognosis and long-term survival of gastric carcinoma patients. Our data demonstrate that prognosis and survival differ in high- vs. low-risk areas of gastric cancer; in particular, we determined that prognosis is better in high-risk areas for gastric cancer in patients undergoing R0 surgery. These differences may also take into account the multiple etiologies of gastric tumors. In this chapter, we discuss the R classification in gastric cancer, focusing on long-term survival after radical surgery (R0) and stratifying these data with respect to high- and low-incidence areas for gastric carcinoma development
How far is an extension of p-adic fields from having a normal integral basis?
No full textLet L/K be a finite Galois extension of p-adic fields with group G. It is well-known that OL contains a free OK[G]-submodule of finite index. We study the minimal index of such a free submodule, and determine it exactly in several cases, including for any cyclic extension of degree p of p-adic fields
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