1,720,966 research outputs found
Effects of increasing temperatures on reproduction in the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) and its conservation implications
No full textIn the next two decades anthropogenic-induced climate change is expected to cause an increase in average global temperatures reaching 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, and may further accelerate under a business-as-usual CO2 emissions scenario. Alongside these increases in the average temperature, climate change is projected to increment the frequency and extent of extreme heat events (i.e. heatwaves). These events will significantly impact land surfaces, placing a considerable pressure on organisms living close to their thermal limits. Climate change trends are not geographically uniform. For example, the
Mediterranean, a transition zone between arid and temperate climates, is forecasted to experience strong climate shifts towards increasing average temperatures compared to other parts of the world. At the same time, the Mediterranean region is a hotspot of biodiversity, and therefore represents a natural laboratory for studying wildlife responses to climate warming. This thesis sheds light on the influence of nest temperature (and thus, nest microclimate)
on different aspects of reproduction, directly and indirectly influencing offspring condition andxiii
survival; the role of nest temperature on temporal phenotypic changes observed in many bird
populations in response to climate warming; and assesses whether selection for heterozygosity
may ameliorate population resilience in case of numerical declines associated with extreme heat
events. Given the widespread use of nest boxes in bird conservation policies, and the forecasted
changes in climate in the upcoming decades, our results also highlight the need to properly design
nest box characteristics to mitigate the negative effects of heatwaves on nest microclimate, and
hence on reproductive success, in bird species whose conservation strongly depends on the
availability of artificial nesting sites
Monitoring Colonies of Large Gulls Using UAVs: From Individuals to Breeding Pairs
Full text linkMeasuring success or failure in the conservation of seabirds depends on reliable long-term monitoring. Traditionally, this monitoring has been based on line transects and total or point counts, all of which are sensitive to subjective interpretation. Such methods have proven to consistently record fewer individuals than intensive efforts, while requiring many hours of fieldwork and resulting in high disturbance. New technologies, such as drones, are potentially useful monitoring tools, as they can cover large areas in a short time, while providing high-resolution data about bird numbers and status. This study conducted two types of Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) surveys in a big colony of multispecies breeding gulls. From a 25 m height, we photographed 30 circle plots where nests were also counted on the ground, showing that the number of occupied nests/breeding pairs could be estimated accurately by multiplying the number of counted individuals with a 0.7 conversion factor. A fixed-wing UAV was used to photograph the entire island to compare drone counts with counts conducted by traditional methods, were we counted a higher number of breeding pairs than the traditional count (1.7–2.2 times more individuals). It was concluded that UAVs provided improved estimates of colony size with much reduced monitoring effort
Heterozygosity, genetic similarity and extra-pair paternity variation in two populations of Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia: a within- and between- populations comparison [Dataset]
Full text linkDataset of the scientific article "Heterozygosity, genetic similarity and extra-pair paternity variation in two populations of Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia: a within- and between- populations comparison".The study was financially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MICINN, Spanish Government (postdoctoral grant IJC2018-035011-I to AC and project no. PGC2018-097426-B-C21) and by the PRIN 2017 grant to MG and AP (Grant no. 20178T2PSW).Peer reviewe
Data for "Extra food buffers thermoregulatory growth costs but does not reduce heatwave-induced mortality in nestlings of a cavity-nesting raptor"
No full textData for "Extra food buffers thermoregulatory growth costs but does not reduce heatwave-induced mortality in nestlings of a cavity-nesting raptor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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