1,720,964 research outputs found
The Art of Community at Saint Victor: Practice and Influence, 1108-1265
No full textThis is a study of how the canons of Saint Victor thought about and practised ideas of community.
Frequently analysed primarily as a 'school', this thesis argues that such a prism obscures important
aspects of Saint Victor and its members. The Victorines articulated a distinctive way of thinking
about community which mediated between individual and communal wills using daily habits,
communal spaces, and visual devices to create a unique intellectual community.
This thesis makes two substantial interventions, then, in two often distinct
historiographies. The first relates to communal life and how we think about the interactions
between ‘individual’ and ‘community’ in this period. This involves thinking about how people
wanted to be in the world and how they structured their daily lives in ways that were spiritually
and emotionally nourishing. I present this in response to a general perception that the twelfth
century witnessed a turn towards interiority. I show that thinking about ‘individual’ and
‘community’ occurred connectedly, not just simultaneously.
The second concerns a persistent teleology which plots a transition from schools in the
twelfth century to universities in the thirteenth. This model—along with the complementary
‘monastic’ and ‘scholastic’ paradigm—is subtly homogenising, but it is also substantially
disfiguring. Locating plural groupings and institutions under the rubric of ‘schools’ ultimately
obscures more than it reveals and speaks more to a desire for explanatory ease than it does
accuracy or illumination. I propose instead the concept of ‘intellectual community’ to make sense
of Saint Victor on this landscape.
By reframing the Victorines as sophisticated theorists and practitioners of community,
this thesis allows us to reassess the educational landscape of twelfth-century Paris, revealing a
diversity of intellectual communities. This forms the foundation for a broader re-consideration
in the final chapter of where these ideas ended up, looking towards the Dominicans and engaging
with the vexed question of a ‘monasticisation of the laity’
‘Better to Let Scandal Arise than to Relinquish the Truth’: The Cases of Conscience of the Masters of Paris in the Thirteenth Century.
Get PDFThis volume addresses the ways in which institutions ‘did or did not constrain, enable and inflect the substantive thinking of individuals’ (see the introduction to this volume, p. 25). A number of the chapters explore this theme by identifying ways in which scholastic authors developed their own position within the boundaries imposed by institutional loyalties. Fitzpatrick’s and Linde’s chapters in this volume, for example, show how, at the turn of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, scholastic debate simultaneously pushed forward intellectual arguments and defined the parameters of disputes between Dominicans, Franciscans and the secular clergy. In contrast, quodlibets dealing with cases of conscience, the subject of this chapter, are something of an exceptional case in scholastic thought: moral quodlibets usually did not correspond directly to the syllabus organized around commentaries on the Sentences and they addressed questions which were not in the strictest sense theological, but which related to pastoral care. This chapter argues that responses to moral quodlibets should be understood neither as personal responses to a controversy, nor as attempts to carve out a position in a debate between rival ‘schools’. Rather, they are best explained as interventions within a separate genre of penitential thought and have a close relationship with manuals for confessors. In penitential manuals, the imperative on the author was less to devise appropriate responses to open questions and more to offer practical advice on how one should act. This was no less true of the moral quodlibets answered by theology masters. When masters gave responses within this genre, they found themselves constrained and enabled by institutions, but in a rather different way from when they answered questions in other kinds of theology
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Understanding a Selection of Medical, Theological and Poetic Diagrams in a Thirteenth-Century Book of Biblical Commentaries: British Library, Harley MS. 658
No full textBritish Library, Harley MS. 658 is a miscellany of study aids for the Bible from the early thirteenth century, bound together with a collection of scientific, poetic and theological diagrams. The texts were written by different scribes probably at separate times and places, but, apart from two texts at the back of the codex, were collected soon after by a single compiler with a clear intention. The collection is a comprehensive handbook for Biblical study, comprising of works on the literal, allegorical and moral interpretation of scripture, as well as models for reading, disputing and preaching. The nine diagrams vary in subject matter; they include a map of the city of Jerusalem, diagrams relating to the study of grammar, medicine and theology, in contrast to the Biblical and moral themes dominant in the rest of the book. Although they at first might appear incongruous, closer examination reveals that they can best be seen as appendages to two works included in the collection, Peter of Poitiers's Compendium historiae in genealogia Christi and the Computus. The contents of the diagrams suggest that their collector was well versed in twelfth-century philosophy and subscribed to a theory of education current in the twelfth century, according to which all aspects of knowledge, including medical and natural science, could be deployed in exposition and contemplation of the Bible
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