1,721,011 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Conceptualising health equity: Health equity and inequity in Aotearoa media discourse
No full textThis thesis explores conceptualisations of health equity and inequity in New Zealand media discourse and considers possibilities and limitations of these applications for Māori and other oppressed groups. Research was guided by Kaupapa Māori and Black Feminist theories, brought together by applying whakapapa as a methodological praxis and conducted using critical discourse analysis.
A literature review of definitions of health equity and inequity used in Aotearoa was completed. These definitions commonly described differences between groups, the structural nature of inequities, and inequities as unfair, unjust and avoidable. News articles published in New Zealand media during the first national Covid-19 lockdown with a strong focus on health equity or content opposing health equity were then analysed according to their relationship to these key components of health inequity and potential implications for advancing or impeding the realisation of health equity.
Articles consistently noted some groups experience worse health than others and that Covid-19 risked amplifying these differences. Several articles framed differences in health as being caused by existing systems and structures, with many focusing exclusively on proximal factors, such as poverty, and far fewer identifying causal drivers, such as racism. Actions to prevent health inequities were situated as fair in many articles but presented as unnecessary or an unfair burden in others. Among discourse advocating for preventing health inequities, some encouraged modifications to existing systems and structures, while others presented discourse that would support transformative change.
While the majority of analysed media narratives supported reducing health inequities, far fewer were oriented towards eliminating health inequities. Some discourse failed to indicate solidarity with others experiencing oppression, did not identify impacts of settler colonialism and its corresponding institutions, did not acknowledge that the humanity of some groups is not recognised, and largely sought to maintain the status quo. Narratives likely to contribute towards realising health equity tended to focus on the systems and structures producing inequities and groups benefitting as well as experiencing harm. Findings show discourse around health equity holds some constraints and limitations towards advancing the types of transformative change necessary to produce health equity
Within the current Primary Health System how easy is it for Registered Nurses employed by Māori Health Care Providers to work in a holistic way with people who have type II diabetes?
No full textBackground: Over the last 20 years Government policy has re-orientated health service delivery toward Primary Health Care (PHC) through a political agenda designed to address health inequities, increase access and improve health outcomes. Re-affirmation of Māori cultural identity and the emergence and development of Māori Health Providers has occured during this time. Despite these advances statistics continue to demonstrate significant health inequity between Māori and non-Māori and this is starkly apparent when observing the incidence and complications of type II diabetes. Research related to the nature and contribution of Registered Nurses (RNs) clinical practice within the context of PHC in Aotearoa/New Zealand is limited. This thesis illustrates how the current PHC system supports RNs who are employed by Māori Health Care Providers to work holistically with people who have type II diabetes.
Aims: Within the context of RNs employed by Māori Health Care Providers:
• Identify elements of current PHC that facilitate or create barriers to holistic clinical practice with people who have a diagnosis of type II diabetes.
• Identify how RNs integrate biomedical quality indicators with holistic care of individuals and whānau who have a diagnosis of type II diabetes.
Methods: Ethics approval was obtained from the Central Regional Ethics Committee. RNs from three Māori Health Care Providers in the Wellington Region participated in focus group interviews. Consent was obtained from participants. Data was generated from transcribed interviews, policy documents, observation and field notes. Critical inquiry informed the research and provided a framework to interpret data. Case study was used to explore phenomena that emerged from thematic analysis of data and to develop understanding of the complex interactions influencing RN participants’ clinical practice. Data source and investigator triangulation were employed to ensure accurate data interpretation.
Results: Three overarching themes emerged. These related to funding and contracts, the PHC context and type II diabetes. Significantly each theme and sub-theme acted as either a facilitator or a barrier depending on the context. The current funding/contract environment had the greatest impact and revealed the subtle power in the relationship between Māori Health Providers and Government Agencies. The way that RNs and Māori Health Providers continue to evolve to meet the needs of their communities was evident. Much of the innovative practice currently undertaken is unrecognised and unfunded due to the narrow focus of contract and reporting requirements.
Conclusion: The specific aims of the research were achieved by identifying RN participants’ holistic practice and aspects of the current primary health care system that facilitated or created barriers. Inconsistencies between Government policy and the funding/contract environment were apparent. Funding and contract formulae are yet to evolve to meet Government strategic direction. Health inequities persist and the structural determinants of health contribute to this illustrating institutional racism inherent in the current system. RNs’ ‘voice’ must be represented and contribute to Government policy as Māori Health Providers work toward improving health outcomes for Māori
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Within the current Primary Health System how easy is it for Registered Nurses employed by Māori Health Care Providers to work in a holistic way with people who have type II diabetes?
No full textBackground: Over the last 20 years Government policy has re-orientated health service delivery toward Primary Health Care (PHC) through a political agenda designed to address health inequities, increase access and improve health outcomes. Re-affirmation of Māori cultural identity and the emergence and development of Māori Health Providers has occured during this time. Despite these advances statistics continue to demonstrate significant health inequity between Māori and non-Māori and this is starkly apparent when observing the incidence and complications of type II diabetes. Research related to the nature and contribution of Registered Nurses (RNs) clinical practice within the context of PHC in Aotearoa/New Zealand is limited. This thesis illustrates how the current PHC system supports RNs who are employed by Māori Health Care Providers to work holistically with people who have type II diabetes.
Aims: Within the context of RNs employed by Māori Health Care Providers:
• Identify elements of current PHC that facilitate or create barriers to holistic clinical practice with people who have a diagnosis of type II diabetes.
• Identify how RNs integrate biomedical quality indicators with holistic care of individuals and whānau who have a diagnosis of type II diabetes.
Methods: Ethics approval was obtained from the Central Regional Ethics Committee. RNs from three Māori Health Care Providers in the Wellington Region participated in focus group interviews. Consent was obtained from participants. Data was generated from transcribed interviews, policy documents, observation and field notes. Critical inquiry informed the research and provided a framework to interpret data. Case study was used to explore phenomena that emerged from thematic analysis of data and to develop understanding of the complex interactions influencing RN participants’ clinical practice. Data source and investigator triangulation were employed to ensure accurate data interpretation.
Results: Three overarching themes emerged. These related to funding and contracts, the PHC context and type II diabetes. Significantly each theme and sub-theme acted as either a facilitator or a barrier depending on the context. The current funding/contract environment had the greatest impact and revealed the subtle power in the relationship between Māori Health Providers and Government Agencies. The way that RNs and Māori Health Providers continue to evolve to meet the needs of their communities was evident. Much of the innovative practice currently undertaken is unrecognised and unfunded due to the narrow focus of contract and reporting requirements.
Conclusion: The specific aims of the research were achieved by identifying RN participants’ holistic practice and aspects of the current primary health care system that facilitated or created barriers. Inconsistencies between Government policy and the funding/contract environment were apparent. Funding and contract formulae are yet to evolve to meet Government strategic direction. Health inequities persist and the structural determinants of health contribute to this illustrating institutional racism inherent in the current system. RNs’ ‘voice’ must be represented and contribute to Government policy as Māori Health Providers work toward improving health outcomes for Māori
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Tahi, rua, toru, whā - the discourse of data and a reframing to remind us of who the numbers are: a kaupapa Māori critical discourse analysis of the use of data in public mental health reports in Aotearoa
No full textData, as it currently stands in the health sector in Aotearoa, exists predominantly in the quantitative space - seemingly objective space that provides quantifiable depictions of our world. Concerned with the influence of quantitative data on social discourse and its effectiveness in aligning with kaupapa Māori principles, this thesis challenges perceived
objectivity through a critical discourse analysis of two publicly available mental health reports,
their data, and their interpretations with analysis grounded in kaupapa Māori methodology. By
critiquing the mental health reports, dataset, and data interpretations for the discourses they
present as it relates to Māori mental health, this thesis reimagines how we represent mental
health data. Through this reimagination, this thesis shifts the gaze on to researchers, analysts,
and those who use data, to be not only considerate, but explicit in their positionality, its
influence on data, and potential discursive outcomes.
The findings of this analysis identify the discourse in two mental health reports to be consistent
with Western normativity, and inconsistent in their acknowledgement of kaupapa Māori
principles. The language (numerical and written) in the analysed reports employed a range of
features which marginalised Māori constructions of mental health, and diverse Māori realities.
The use of exnomination in these reports was persistent, largely granting non-Māori
populations removal from areas pertaining to Māori health, any social responsibility, and
solutions. Further findings identified the utilised dataset to be lacking recognition of Māori data
sovereignty principles, perpetuating discourse of quantitative datasets being objective and
immune to implicit and explicit biases. Follow through this thesis as it sets up a story grounded
in kaupapa Māori, and te ao Māori, building our metaphorical ngahere of knowledge, and
enlightening our consciousness around Māori constructions of mental health and data use
The public health response to COVID-19 in the Auckland region and Te Tiriti o Waitangi
No full textBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented event, forcing health systems across the world to rapidly respond to the evolving risk of widespread illness and death. In Aotearoa, New Zealand, Maori have experienced long-standing and significant health inequities compared to non-Maori, and COVID-19 was predicted to disproportionately affect Maori whanau and communities, particularly in Auckland, which bore the brunt of COVID-19 in the first two years of the pandemic.
Aotearoa, New Zealand is founded on Te Tiriti o Waitangi, the agreement between Maori and the British Crown. The Waitangi Tribunal has concluded that the extent to which the Government has honoured Te Tiriti o Waitangi has been insufficient, although the requirement to align with Te Tiriti is acknowledged by the health system. This research sought to understand whether the public health response to COVID-19 in Auckland aligned with Te Tiriti o Waitangi, particularly the principles of Tino Rangatiratanga and Options. The research specifically focused on the Delta outbreak and early phases of the Omicron outbreak in late 2021 and early 2022.
Methods: Qualitative research methods, informed by Kaupapa Maori theory and research methodology, were used to explore the alignment of the public health response with Te Tiriti o Waitangi. Six semi-structured interviews were undertaken with key health leaders involved in the Maori COVID-19 response to understand their perspectives and experiences, which were then analysed via thematic analysis.
Results: The findings of this research reaffirmed the complex and dynamic Te Tiriti o Waitangi relationship between Maori and the Crown. Three main themes were identified: (1) Maori acted sovereign during the response, (2) the system attempted to
maintain the status quo, and (3) there was a struggle of 'give and take' relationships between Maori and the Crown. Each theme had several sub-themes.
Conclusion: This research suggests that, although there were examples of Maori-led innovations and models as part of the
COVID-19 response, overall the Auckland region response failed to align with Te Tiriti o Waitangi. The Crown must implement transformative structural and behavioural changes to design and deliver health services that align with Te Tiriti o Waitangi for any future pandemics
Data, from a given, to the taken: Theorising Māori Data Sovereignty in Aotearoa
No full textData are the single-most significant asset shaping our present and future realities. Data are driving national and global economies, and are presented as the evidential basis for the development of policies; they are framing political landscapes and radically transforming what it means to live in a democratic state. As we navigate our way through a rapidly developing digital age, one of the biggest issues we are facing as Māori is that of data sovereignty. In this thesis, I draw upon my unique perspective as a mokopuna of Pare Hauraki to consider how data sovereignty is not an abstract theory nor is it limited to a political aspiration, but it is a living, breathing reality.
This first half of this thesis considers how data has become the most powerful global resource of the digital age. Critical to this discussion is an interrogation of the factors that have contributed to data’s accumulated status of neutrality and truth. Tacit assumptions regarding the capacity for data to contribute to fair and equitable outcomes for ‘all’ is contested in light of the experiences of Indigenous peoples. Histories of exploitative research and colonial counting highlight how the benefits of research and data have very rarely accrued for us as Indigenous peoples. Indigenous data sovereignty then is necessary for ensuring these histories do not continue to repeat themselves.
The second half of this thesis includes three distinct case studies that interrogate pressing issues in Indigenous data sovereignty. Namely, privacy, trust and access. Personal narratives and storywork is weaved through each case study to illustrate how issues relevant to privacy, trust and access are felt at the individual level and how this sits within a broader collective experience. Written in the context of a global pandemic, this thesis offers an important insight into the ways that we as Indigenous peoples continue to experience the harms (re)produced by structurally violent, oppresive, colonial structures. However, we are not defined by these systems and we have shown that when we return to our ways of knowing and being, not only do we survive, we thrive. To this end, Māori concepts of tapu, tiakitanga and whakapapa are considered as key features of a sovereign data space for Māori
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