25 research outputs found
Podem ser brancos e livres os versos de uma poeta preta e escravizada? Uma tradução de Phillis Wheatley / Can the Verses of a Black and Enslaved Poet be White and Free? Translating Phillis Wheatley
No full textResumo: Este artigo busca apresentar uma tradução de um poema de Phillis Wheatley Peters, autora afro-americana do século XVIII, por meio de uma abordagem tradutória que leva em conta as circunstâncias da vida da autora. Apresentaremos brevemente a história de Phillis Wheatley, e uma possibilidade de tradução de seu poema “On being brought from Africa to America”. Defendemos um método de tradução que não seja descolado dos contextos vividos pela autora nem demasiadamente apegado a determinadas métricas e tradições. O que propomos é uma abordagem tradutória que ouve (Derrida) os silêncios falados (Bakhtin) do poema e da história de Phillis Wheatley em um diálogo amoroso (Carrascosa) com a autora; algo que nos possibilita subverter tradições e problematizar formas fixas.Palavras-chave: Phillis Wheatley; tradução; poesia.Abstract: This article presents a translation of a poem by Phillis Wheatley Peters, an eighteenth-century African American poet. The translation approach takes into account the circumstances of Wheatley’s life. We first briefly recount the life story of Phillis Wheatley and present a translation of one of her most famous poems “On being brought from Africa to America”. We argue for a translation approach that does not detach itself from the sociohistorical context of the author, nor is too tied to metric or tradition. We propose a translation approach that listens (Derrida) to the spoken silences (Bakhtin) of the poem and the history of Phillis Wheatley in a loving dialogue (Carrascosa) with the author, thus, enabling us to subvert traditions and problematize fixed forms.Keywords: Phillis Wheatley; translation; poetry
Durability of environment-recruitment relationships in aquatic ecosystems: insights from long-term monitoring in a highly modified estuary and implications for management
No full textAbstractThe environment can strongly influence the survival of aquatic organisms and their resulting dynamics. Our understanding of these relationships, typically based on correlations, underpins many contemporary resource management decisions and conservation actions. However, such relationships can break down over time as ecosystems evolve. Even when durable, they may not be very useful for management if they exhibit high variability, context dependency, or non-stationarity. Here, we systematically review the literature to identify trends across environment-recruitment relationships for aquatic taxa from California’s San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary. This is one of the most heavily modified aquatic ecosystems in North America, and home to numerous species of concern whose relationships with the environment inform regulatory actions and constraints. We retested 23 of these relationships spanning 9 species using data that have accumulated in the years since they were first published (9-40 additional years) to determine whether they persisted. Most relationships were robust (i.e., same or stronger in magnitude) to the addition of new data, but the ability to predict how a species will respond to environmental change did not generally improve with more data. Instead, prediction error generally increased over time and in some cases very quickly, suggesting a rapid regime shift. Our results suggest that more data alone will not necessarily improve the ability of these relationships to inform decision making. We conclude by synthesizing emerging insights from the literature on best practices for the analysis, use, and refinement of environment-recruitment relationships to inform decision making in dynamic ecosystems.</jats:p
Endangered winter-run Chinook salmon rely on diverse rearing habitats in a highly altered landscape
No full textEvaluating otolith Sr/Ca as a tool for reconstructing estuarine habitat use
No full text There is no standard method to determine the applicability of otolith Sr/Ca ratio to reconstructing estuary use. We have developed a novel method to determine the response of otolith Sr/Ca to changes in water Sr/Ca and salinity in San Francisco Estuary (California, USA). We perform correlated, spatially resolved Sr/Ca and Sr isotope measurements using otoliths from adult striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ) in the San Francisco Estuary to estimate the otolith–water Sr/Ca partition coefficient (DSr = 0.305 ± 0.009). DSr did not vary significantly with salinity, and therefore the salinity–otolith Sr/Ca model was constructed by substituting the partition coefficient into the nonlinear salinity–water Sr/Ca mixing model for the system. The model demonstrates that the primary factor controlling the response of Sr/Ca to salinity is the Ca concentration in the freshwater source flowing into the estuary. A concentration of 60 ppm Ca is an approximate threshold below which estuary Sr/Ca increases rapidly to near the marine Sr/Ca at low salinities (5‰–15‰), thereby providing sharp delineation of estuary entrance, but little to no discrimination among higher salinity habitats. Our approach provides a general framework for assessing the potential utility of Sr/Ca in estuarine systems and specifically for the San Francisco Estuary. </jats:p
smolt-data
No full textOffspring data is in ‘smolt-data.csv’ as follows:
Column 1: PIT: Passive Integrated Transponder number used for individual ID
Column 2: FL: Fork length in mm
Column 3: mass: in grams
Column 4: Sex: Male, Female, or NA (i.e. failed to assign)
Column 5: cross: AA or BB (i.e. pure above-barrier cross or pure below-barrier cross)
Column 6: Ma: Individual ID of mother
Column 7: MOM: A or B (origin of Ma)
Column 8: Pa: Individual ID of father
Column 9: DAD: A or B (origin of Pa)
Column 10: score: smolt condition: 1, 2, 3, 4, or NA (see explanation below)
Column 11: smolt: 0 or 1 (non-smolt or smolt
movement-data
No full textmovement-data.csv
Column 1: PIT: Passive Integrated Transponder number used for individual ID
Column 2: cross: AxA, BxB, Hybrid, AxF1, BxF1, F1 (The latter four crosses are from a separate study not discussed in the corresponding manuscript. They were raised in the same manner as the AxA and BxB crosses discussed in the corresponding manuscript)
Column 3: FL: Fork length in mm
Column 4: mass: in grams
Column 5: score: 1, 2, 3, 4 or NA (see explanation below)
Column 6: smolt: 0 or 1 (i.e. non-smolt or smolt)
Column 7: detect: 0 or 1 (i.e. not detected or detected
saltwater-challenge-data
No full textData from the seawater challenge experiment are in saltwater-challenge-data.csv as follows:
Column 1: PIT: Passive Integrated Transponder number used for individual ID
Column 2: cross: AxA, BxB, Hybrid, AxF1, BxF1, F1 (The latter four crosses are from a separate study not discussed in the corresponding manuscript. They were raised in the same manner as the AxA and BxB crosses discussed in the corresponding manuscript)
Column 3: FL: Fork length in mm
Column 4: mass: in grams
Column 5: score: 1, 2, 3, 4 or NA (see explanation below)
Column 6: smolt: 0 or 1 (non-smolt or smolt)
Column 7: sex: Male, Female, or NA (i.e. failed to assign)
Column 8: fate: 0 or 1: (i.e. dead or alive at the end of the experiment)
Column 9: Date: date individual was declared dead
Column 10: Time: time individual was declared dea
egg-data
No full textEgg size and number data is in ‘egg-data.csv’ as follows:
Column 2: MA: Individual ID of mother
Column 3: ORIGIN: A or B (i.e. Above- or Below-barrier)
Column 4: EGG_NO: total number of eggs in clutch
Column 5: EGG_SIZE: in m
