1,720,983 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cycle cellulaire et polarisation du zygote Fucus régulations et interactions
No full textThe correct orchestration of cell cycle and differentiation is required for the development of all organisms. In plants, there is little data on the molecular mechanisms involved in the coordination of both of these processes. The zygote of the brown alga Fucus is a model to study plant early embryogenesis. Polarisation of the Fucus zygote occurs after fertilization and is concomitant with the first mitotic cell cycle. Little is known about cell cycle, and altough molecular actors involved in polarization have been identified, transduction pathways controlling the establishment of polarity remain to be determined. In this context, we are interested in the regulation of cell cycle and polarisation, as well as, in interconnection between these two processes. We have demonstrated, that the first cell cycle of Fucus zygotes encompasses four well-defined phases G1, G2, S and M, and is under the tight control of cell-cycle dependent-kinase-related proteins (CDK). Usual functional checkpoints are found, ensuring that mitosis will not occur in the presence of incomplete DNA replication or of mitotic spindle defects. Two CDKs containing the hallmark PSTAIRE, p32 and p34, are translated from maternal mRNAs, after fertilization, and their progressive synthesis correlates with an increase in CDK activity until G2 phase, where the transcription of a positive regulator is further required to achieve CDK activation before mitosis. Both of these CDKs appear to be negatively regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation, during normal cell cycle progression and following activation of the DNA replication checkpoint. Since p34 is the major target of the CDK inhibitor purvalanol, it appears to play a major role in cell cycle control. We have also demonstrated that, at the G1/S transition, p34 controls the formation of the embryonic axis, which is achieved during S phase. On the other hand, we have shown that axis formation is essential for embryo patterning and is under the control of tyrosine-kinases-related proteins, whose inactivation delayed but do not hampered cell division. Thus, whereas axis formation is cell-cycle dependent, a putative control of the cell-cycle control by polarisation events remains to be shown.L'orchestration correcte de la différenciation et du cycle cellulaire est nécessaire au développement de tout organisme. Chez les végétaux, il n'existe que peu de données sur les mécanismes moléculaires mis en jeu pour coordonner ces deux événements. Le zygote de l'algue brune Fucus est un modèle de l'embryogenèse précoce des végétaux. La polarisation du zygote de Fucus s'effectue après la fécondation et coïncide avec le premier cycle cellulaire mitotique. Des acteurs moléculaires impliqués dans la polarisation zygotique ont été identifiés mais les voies de transduction contrôlant l'établissement de la polarité restent à préciser. Par ailleurs les connaissances sur le cycle cellulaire du Fucus sont très réduites. Dans ce contexte, nous avons voulu savoir comment la polarisation et le cycle cellulaire sont régulés et s'il existe des interactions entre ces deux événements. Nous avons montré que le cycle cellulaire présente quatre phases G1, S, G2 et M bien définies, possède les mécanismes de surveillance usuels, qui rendent la mitose dépendante de la réplication et de l'assemblage correct du fuseau, et que sa progression (transitions G1/S, G2/M, sortie de mitose, cytodiérèse) dépend étroitement de l'activité de protéines de types kinases dépendantes des cylines (CDK). Deux CDK à motif PSTAIRE, p32 et p34, sont traduites à partir ARNm maternels, après la fécondation, et leur synthèse progressive correspond à l'augmentation de l'activité kinase des CDK, dont le pic mitotique requiert la transcription d'un régulateur positif. Ces deux CDK sont négativement régulées par phosphorylation sur tyrosine, lors de la progression normale et lors de l'activation du point de contrôle de la réplication de l'ADN. P34 est spécifiquement liée par l'inhibiteur de CDK, purvalanol, et jouerait un rôle majeur dans le contrôle du cycle cellulaire. Nous avons montré que, à la transition G1/S, la CDK p34 contrôle également la formation de l'axe de polarité embryonnaire, qui s'effectue durant la phase S. D'autre part, nous avons mis en évidence que la formation de l'axe est essentielle au modelage de l'embryon et qu'elle est régulée par des protéines de type kirosine-kinases. Ces kinases ne sont pas nécessaires à la division. Aussi, la formation de l'axe de polarité est sous le contrôle du cycle cellulaire, la réciproque reste à démontrer
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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