18 research outputs found
Dynamic risk factors and treatment change : exploring the mechanisms of sexual offending onset and desistance
No full textThe concept of change and the ability for individuals to reduce their level of risk through targeted intervention is a core feature of current rehabilitation frameworks used with individuals who have engaged in sexually harmful behaviours. However, despite the large emphasis placed on dynamic risk factors and the acknowledgement of the ability for individuals to make prosocial change, relatively little attention is given to furthering our understanding of how dynamic risk meaningfully relates to the aetiology of sexual offending, and to developing theories of the mechanisms underlying the change process. The current thesis therefore addressed this gap in the literature by investigating the factors and characteristics that play a causal role in sexual offending behaviour, and by exploring the underlying nature of offender change to help inform ongoing theory generation in this area.
Study One began with a validation of an influential theory of the aetiology of sexual offending, Ward and Siegert’s (2002) Pathways Model of Child Sexual Offending. The study used pre-treatment scores on a psychometric battery completed by 1,134 male sexual offenders against children to conduct a Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), which is a statistical technique used to identify meaningful latent classes of individuals within a given sample. Results suggested that the sample was best captured by five classes of individuals that mapped closely to the five hypothesised pathways in the Pathways model, with a few notable exceptions. Overall, the study provided tentative support for the Pathways Model and its proposed mechanisms and aetiological pathways, provided guidance for potential amendments to the model, and highlighted the heterogeneity in the offender population and causes of offending.
Studies Two, Three and Four then went on to explore the nature and characteristics of sexual offender change, with the aim of providing valuable insights to inform ongoing theory generation regarding the mechanisms and nature of change. Study Two provided the first known study to explore whether sexual offender treatment change is best conceptualised as categorical or dimensional, by using standardised residual change scores from 346 male sexual offenders against children to conduct a taxometric analysis of change. Results from the analysis suggested that offender change is best conceptualised as a categorical construct; that is, that differences in treatment change between individuals are best understood as differences in the types of change made, rather than simply the amount of change made.
Study Three explored the implications of Study Two’s findings further by attempting to identify what these change categories might look like. The study used standardised residual change scores from 1,170 sexual offenders against children to conduct an LPA, which found that three classes provided a best fit for the data. These classes represented individuals who had made Poor Change, Moderate Change, or Good Change over the course of treatment, with individuals in the Good Change group reoffending at significantly lower rates than individuals in the other two groups. The study suggested that meaningful distinctions can be made between different kinds of change made over the course of treatment, but did not provide much information regarding the mechanisms underlying these change patterns.
Study Four therefore provided a further investigation of these groups, by assessing the pre-treatment needs, static risk, and historical or demographic characteristics associated with each change group. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in static risk or most historic or demographic factors between groups, but that individuals in the Good Change group showed significantly lower rates of pre-treatment needs than individuals in the Poor Change group (with individuals in the Moderate Change group falling in between). This suggested that perhaps individuals in the Good Change group were already on a pathway to desistance prior to entering treatment.
Together, the results from this thesis suggest that internal factors, such as motivation to change and cognitive transformation (i.e. the adoption of a pro-social identity), may be key mechanisms underlying change demonstrated by offenders. They also highlight the heterogeneity of pathways into sexual offending and related treatment needs, and add to a growing body of research supporting the need for individualised assessment and intervention that focusses on the promotion of prosocial identity and skill acquisition
Testing the linearity and independence assumptions of the generalized matching law for reinforcer magnitude: A residual meta-analysis
No full textRat choice in rapidly changing concurrent schedules
No full textIn two experiments, experimentally naïve rats were trained in concurrent variable-interval schedules in which the reinforcer ratios changed daily according to a pseudorandom binary sequence. In Experiment 1, relative response rates showed clear sensitivity to current-session reinforcer ratios, but not to previous sessions' reinforcer ratios. Within sessions, sensitivity to the current session's reinforcement rates increased steadily, and by session end, response ratios approached matching to the current-session reinforcer ratios. Across sessions, sensitivity to the current session's reinforcer ratio decreased with continued exposure to the pseudorandom binary sequence, contrary to expectations based on previous studies demonstrating learning sets. Using a second group of naïve rats, Experiment 2 replicated the main results from Experiment 1 and showed that although there were increases over sessions in both changeover rate and response rate during the changeover delay, neither could explain the accompanying reductions in sensitivity. We consider the role of reinforcement history, showing that our results can be simulated using two separate representations, one local and one nonlocal, but a more complex approach will be needed to bring together these results and other history effects such as learning sets and spontaneous recovery. © 2018 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavio
A comparison between auditory hallucinations, interpretation of voices, and formal thought disorder in dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders
No full textObjectivesDissociative identity disorder (DID) and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) share some overlapping phenomenological features making accurate diagnosis more difficult. Childhood abuse and depersonalization have been associated with psychotic symptoms across psychological disorders but their relationship to psychotic phenomenology remains understudied.MethodThe present study used quantitative measures to examine (1) similarities and differences in phenomenological voice hearing experiences, interpretations of voices, and thought disorder symptoms in individuals with DID (n = 44) or SSD (n = 45), and (2) whether depersonalization and childhood maltreatment influenced the initial pattern of findings.ResultsDID participants perceived their voices as being more internally located and generated, louder, and uncontrollable than SSD participants. Furthermore, the DID participants endorsed a greater frequency of thought disorder symptoms. Adding the covariates (sex, depersonalization, and child maltreatment) did not change the findings associated with location and origin of voices, and derailment, but there were now no differences in loudness or controllability. However, the schizophrenia sample reported more distress and metaphysical beliefs associated with voices, as well as more thought disorder incoherence and word substitution with the covariates controlled.ConclusionWhile tentative, metaphysical interpretations of voices, incoherent thoughts and word substitution may reflect more psychotic processes
Data on the concentrations of etoposide, PSC833, BAPTA-AM, and cycloheximide that do not compromise the vitality of mature mouse oocytes, parthenogenetically activated and fertilized embryos
No full textAbstractThese data document the vitality of mature mouse oocytes (Metaphase II (MII)) and early stage embryos (zygotes) following exposure to the genotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, etoposide, in combination with PSC833, a selective inhibitor of permeability glycoprotein. They also illustrate the vitality of parthenogenetically activated and fertilized embryos following incubation with the calcium chelator BAPTA-AM (1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid tetrakis (acetoxymethyl ester)), cycloheximide (an antibiotic that is capable of inhibiting protein synthesis), and hydrogen peroxide (a potent reactive oxygen species). Finally, they present evidence that permeability glycoprotein is not represented in the proteome of mouse spermatozoa. Our interpretation and discussion of these data feature in the article “Identification of a key role for permeability glycoprotein in enhancing the cellular defense mechanisms of fertilized oocytes” (Martin et al., in press) [1]
How does water stress affect the low molecular weight phenolics of hydroSOStainable almonds?
No full textWater scarcity is a threat for food production because, water, is more and more limited and force farmers to use new deficit irrigation (DI) strategies without affecting fruit yield and quality. No information exists on almond polyphenols and proanthocyanidins (PAs) produced under DI. The present work studied the effect of 2 regulated DI (RDI) and one sustained (SDI) on the low molecular weight phenolics together with the antioxidant activity (AA) in almonds. Fifteen phenolic compounds were identified (13 flavonoids and 2 non-flavonoids) and 10 PAs. Kaempferol-3-O-galactoside was the predominant compound in almond skin and whole kernel but it was not found in deskinned kernels. The use of moderate RDI significantly increased the total phenolic content in skin (∼9.8%), PAs, and the AA. Consequently, after one season the application of DI positively affected the almond cv. Vairo phenols, however, several seasons must be evaluated in order to corroborate the present results.The study has been funded by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCI), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)) through a coordinated research project (hydroSOS) including the Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (AGL2016-75794-C4-1-R, Productos hidroSOStenibles: identificación de debilidades y fortalezas, optimización del procesado, creación de marca propia, y estudio de su aceptación en el mercado europeo, hydroSOS foods) and the Universidad de Sevilla (AGL2016-75794-C4-4-R); these projects have been also funded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) “Una manera de hacer Europa”, (MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE). The author M. Cano-Lamadrid was funded by the Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU) grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU15/02158)Peer reviewe
Music in words : the music of Anthony Burgess, and the role of music in his literature
No full textTheý principal focus of the thesis is Anthony Burgess, a prolific novelist whose first and
enduring creative passion was music in general and composition in particular. Burgess
criticism is limited and largely out-of-date, showing little recognition of the aural or musical
elements in his fiction, and virtually no specialist commentary on the music and its
relationships with the literature. The main aim of the thesis, therefore, is to demonstrate the
variety and strength of the widespread musical elements in Burgess's literature, including the
importance he attaches to the sonic basis of language, and to show that these are supported by
the musical sensibility and technical competence evident in his. compositions. It is suggested
that in the inevitable reassessmenot f his work following his death in 1993, the effects of his
musicianship on his literary work should play a greater part than hitherto, and the thesis makes
a contribution to this reassessmenbt oth through its original critical commentaries on his music
and through the music-orientated discussion of his literature.
After an introduction and literature review, the first chapter examines three examples of
Burgess's little-known music. All are associated with verbal texts, though the range is
otherwise wide, and through them it is possible to draw conclusions about the competence of
his handling of musical language and structure. The second and third chapters examine the
more familiar work of Burgess the acclaimed author, but from the unfamiliar viewpoint of its
musical content, including not only surface references but also hidden allusions and technical
puzzles aimed at the musician reader. Two instances of music serving as a structural template
for literature are analysed in detail, and attention is also drawn to Burgess's awareness of
musical elements in the content and language of the, work of some. of his predecessors. The
final core-chapter,e xamines the fusion of Burgess's literary and,m usical skills in the context of
his music and words for stage and radio.
What emerges is the clear intermeshing of his parallel careers;, and the production within his
distinctive literary output of work which, due to the radical extent of its musicalisation, has to
be viewed as musically-aware literature for specialised readers, at times evincing, it is
proposed, a logic which springs primarily from music
Correlation between water stress and phenolic compounds of hydroSOStainable almonds
No full text6 páginas.- 3 figuras.- 1 tablas.- 28 referenciasBACKGROUND
Water scarcity is currently affecting many areas of the world, reaching worrying levels in drought areas such as southern Spain. To cope with this issue, researchers in the agricultural sector have implemented deficit irrigation strategies intended to reduce water consumption by increasing fruit quality. Almond is among the most popular tree nuts worldwide and also the most nut cultivated in Spain. Almond consumption, together with other nuts, has been widely associated with improvements in cardiovascular health, metabolic syndrome and diabetes owing to their bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Water deficit strategies generate hydroSOStainable almonds, raised under water stress conditions, with high content of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between water stress, color and polyphenols in hydroSOStainable almonds. For this, instrumental color, total phenolic content and phenolic compounds were measured and correlated using Pearson's correlation.
RESULTS
The results showed a strong relationship between water stress, color and polyphenols of almonds, showing that increasing water stress in plants up to ~100 MPa × day values of stress integral increase the polyphenols in almonds, leading to a reddish color.
CONCLUSION
Finally, this research demonstrated that implementing water‐saving strategies help to improve the phenolic content and color of hydroSOStainable almonds and also that isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐glucoside and kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside could be important markers of hydroSOStainable almonds (cv. Vairo). Besides, hydroSOStainable almonds could be an important source of phenols, providing 25% of the estimated total polyphenolic daily intake. © 2020 Society of Chemical IndustryThe study has been funded by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCI), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), through a coordinated research project (hydroSOS) including the Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (AGL2016-75794-C4-1-R, Productos hidroSOStenibles: identificación de debilidades y fortalezas, optimización del procesado, creación de marca propia, y estudio de su aceptación en el mercado europeo, hydroSOS foods) and the Universidad de Sevilla (AGL2016-75794-C4-4-R); these projects have been also funded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) ‘Una manera de hacer Europa’, (MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE). The author M. Cano-Lamadrid was funded by a Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU) grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU15/02158).Peer reviewe
La falsificación de títulos de tierras a principios del siglo XX. Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos Num. 72 (2009) enero-abril
No full textStephanie Wood, “Pedro Villafranca y Juana Gertrudis Navarrete: falsificador de títulos y su viuda (Nueva España, siglo XVIII)”, en David G. Sweet y Gary B. Nash (eds.), Lucha por la supervivencia en la América colonial, México, FCE, 1987, pp. 472-485“Don Diego García de Mendoza Moctezuma. A Techialoyan Mastermind?”, en Estudios de cultura náhuatl, núm. 19, 1989, pp. 145-168Alberto Carrillo Cázares, “Chisquisnaquis un indio escribano, artífice de títulos primordiales (La Piedad siglo XVIII)”, en Relaciones. Estudios de Historia y Sociedad, vol. XII, núm. 48, 1991, pp. 187-210René García Castro, Códice Xiquipilco-Temoaya y títulos de tierras otomíes. Asentamientos, documentos y derechos indígenas en conflicto, siglos XVI-XVIII, Toluca, El Colegio Mexiquense, 1999.“Un timador de historia”, en El Imparcial, año XIX, núm. 3330, 12 de noviembre de 1905, p. 1.“Los timos a la Alta Escuela”, en El Imparcial, año XIX, núm. 3332, 14 de noviembre de 1905, p. 1.Xavier Noguez, “Los códices de tradición náhuatl del centro de México en la etapa colonial”, en Carmen Arellano Hoffmann, Peer Schmidt y Xavier Noguez (eds.), Libros y escritura de tradición indígena. Ensayos sobre los códices prehispánicos y coloniales de México, Toluca, El Colegio Mexiquense/Universidsd Católica de Eichstatt, 2002, pp. 157-183.Guy Stresser-Péan, Los lienzos de Acaxochitlán (Hidalgo) y su importancia en la historia del poblamiento de la Sierra Norte de Puebla y zonas vecinas, México, Instituto Hidalguense de Educación Media y Superior-Gobierno del Estado de Hidalgo/Consejo Estatal para la Cultura y las Artes/CEMCA, 1998.Mariano Galván Rivera, Ordenanzas de tierras y aguas, México, CIESAS/RAN/AHA, 1998, pp. 157-180 y 252- 253; Jacinta Palerm Viqueira y Carlos Chairez Araiza, “Medidas antiguas de agua”, en Relaciones. Estudios de Historia y Sociedad, vol. XXIII, núm. 92, 2002, pp. 227-251.Gilberto Fabila Montes de Oca (coord.), Los ejidos del Estado de México, Toluca, Gobierno del Estado de México, 1958, p. 126.Enrique Florescano, Origen y desarrollo de los problemas agrarios de México, 1500-1821, México, Era, 1979, pp. 42-45.Jesús Téllez Portillo, Otzolotepec, monografía municipal, Toluca, AMECROM-IMC- Gobierno del Estado de México, 1999, p. 97Jenny Arista Santiago, “El lienzo de Santa Ana Jilotzingo, Otzolotepec, México”, tesis, Toluca, UAEM, 2007, p. 59. HerbertR. Harvey, “El lienzo de San Bartolomé Coatepec”, en Boletín del INAH, núm 25, 1966, p. 2.Geneviéve D’Haucourt y Georges Durivault, Le Blason, París, Presses Universitaires de France, 1960, p, 92.Carlos Geixalba, Enciclopedia de heráldica, México, Diana, 2006, pp. 37-40; Fernando González Doria, Diccionario heráldico y nobiliario de los reinos de España, Madrid, Bitácora, 1987, pp. 162, 821-822.Registro Agrario Nacional (RAN), San Lorenzo Tezonco, Ixtapalapa, Distrito Federal, exp. 1-1, c. 1, fs. 2, y 10- 13.Julio Cuadros Caldas, Catecismo agrario, Puebla, La Enseñanza, 1932, pp. 1-12.Ramón Fernández y Fernández, Temas agrarios, México, FCE, 1974, pp. 18-19.Diario Oficial de la Federación, 6 de enero de 1992, t. CDLX, núm. 3, p. 2-4.Gabriela Acosta Espino, “Territorios indios en la región purhépecha, 1915-1940”, en Estudios campesinos en el Archivo General Agrario, México, CIESAS/RAN/SEP/Conacyt- Sector Agrario, 1998, pp. 122 y 147.Regina Olmedo Gaxiola y Teresa Rojas Rabiela, “Altapeámatl: los papeles de tierras de San Francisco Apaxco y la reforma agraria”, en Rosaura Hernández Rodríguez (coord.), Apaxco. Cuadernos Municipales, núm. 18, Toluca, El Colegio Mexiquense, 2002, pp. 81-82.Antonio Huitrón Huitrón, Bienes comunales en el Estado de México, México, Gobierno del Estado de México-Dirección General de Hacienda (Estudios Históricos, 2), 1972, pp. 34-35.Alicia Hernández Chávez, Anenecuilco. Memoria y vida de un pueblo, México, FCE/El Colegio de México/Fideicomiso Historia de las Américas, 1993, pp. 61-62.Margarita Menegus Bornemann, “Los títulos primordiales de los pueblos de indios”, en Margarita Menegus (coord.), Dos décadas de investigación en historia económica comparada en América Latina. Homenaje a Carlos Sempat Assadourian, México, El Colegio de México/CIESAS/ Instituto Mora/CISU-UNAM, 1999, pp. 143-145.Stephanie Wood, “The Cosmic Conquest: Late Colonial View of the Sword and Cross in Central Mexican Titulos”, en Ethnohistory, núm. 38, 1991, pp. 176-193Stephanie Wood, “El problema de la historicidad de los títulos y códices Techialoyan”, en Xavier Noguez y Stephanie Wood (coords.), De tlacuilos y escribanos, Toluca, El Colegio Mexiquense/El Colegio de Michoacán, 1999, pp. 167-221Paula López Caballero, Los títulos primordiales, México, Conaculta, 2003, pp. 9-82; Michael R. Oudijk y María de los Ángeles Romero Frizzi, “Los títulos primordiales: un género de tradición mesoamericana. Del mundo prehispánico al siglo xxi”, en Relaciones. Estudios de Historia y Sociedad, vol. XXIV, núm. 95, 2003, pp. 17-48.Regina Olmedo Gaxiola, Catálogo de documentos históricos del Archivo General Agrario, México, CIESAS/RAN, 1998, pp. 16-18.Eduardo Aguado López, “Restitución de tierras y modernidad: las trampas legales de la disputa”, en Milada Bazant (coord.), 175 años de historia del Estado de México y perspectivas para el tercer milenio, Toluca, El Colegio Mexiquense, 1999, pp. 241-275.Daniel Nugent y Ana María Alonso, “Tradiciones selectivas en la reforma agraria y la lucha agraria: cultura popular y formación del Estado en el ejido de Namiquipa, Chihuahua”, en Joseph Gilbert y Daniel Nugent (comps.), Aspectos cotidianos de la formación del Estado. La revolución y la negociación del mando en el México moderno, México, Era, 2002, pp. 176-177 y 189-190.Este trabajo forma parte de una investigación más amplia intitulada “Títulos primordiales y lienzos apócrifos de la colección Ramírez de Arellano, 1896-1910”. Agradecemos a Ramón Arturo Nava Moctezuma, director general de Titulación y Control Documental del Archivo General Agrario (aga) por la facilidad otorgada para la consulta y reproducción de los títulos de Ixtapan, San Buenaventura y lienzo de Santa Cruz Cuautomatitlán, así como a Jorge de Aro González y Víctor Sánchez Bermúdez por la digitalización de los mismos, y a José Manuel Gil López por su apoyo para la revisión de más de mil expedientes agrarios. También a Magdalena Pacheco Régules y a Diana Birrichaga Gardida, de la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, por su apoyo para la realización de este estudio.The purpose of this article is to showcase the activities of Manuel Ramírez de Arellano, a character involved in the forgery and illegal sale of land deeds, titles, maps and ancient documents, which were used by some Indian towns to prove their property rights at the beginning of the twentieth century. The forgeries also played an important role in the enforcement of the reforma agraria in Mexico.</p
