1,720,985 research outputs found
Acute Myocardial Infarction and Proinflammatory Gene Variants
No full textWe identified four genetic risk sets for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from information on functional gene variants that favor inflammation or modulate cholesterol metabolism: IL6 -174 G/C, TNF -308 G/A, IL10 -1082 G/A, SERPINA3 -51 G/T, IFNG +874 T/A, HMGCR -911 C/A, and APOE ε2/3/4; 316 patients and 461 healthy subjects, all Italian. Putative risk alleles are shown underlined. The sets were identified using grade-of-membership analysis.
Membership scores in the sets are automatically generated for individuals. The ''low intrinsic risk'' set had alleles that downregulate inflammation and cholesterol synthesis (IL6, TNF, ILl0, HMGCR). ''AMI across a broad age range'' carried multiple proinflammatory alleles (IL6, TNF, IL10, SERPINA3): All 72 persons like this set were affected yet had relatively low plasma cholesterol levels. ''A subset of AMI in middle age'' had numerous proinflammatory alleles (IL6, TNF, SERPINA3, IFNG, HMGCR). ''AMI after age 80'' had a reduced risk set (IL6, IL10, IFNG). A total of 95% of cases had ≥50% membership in the high intrinsic risk sets. We conclude that proinflammatory gene variants taken together strongly determine an individual''s risk for myocardial infarction. This information may better define the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and identify individuals who might benefit from early interventions
Acute myocardial infarction and proinflammatory gene variants. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Nov;1119:227-42.
No full textGenetic risk profiles for Alzheimer's disease: Integration of APOE genotype and variants that up-regulate inflammation
No full textBACKGROUND: A number of studies associate Alzheimer's disease with APOE
polymorphism and alleles which favor the increased expression of immunological
mediators such as cytokines or acute phase proteins. We integrated this
information to better define risk and determine the relative importance of APOE
and immunological mediators.
METHODS: We investigated functional gene variants for APOE, IL-10 (3 loci), ACT
(2 loci), HMGCR, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-6 found for
260 AD patients and 190 controls enrolled in Northern Italy. A fuzzy latent
classification approach, namely grade-of-membership analysis (GoM), was taken to
identify extreme pure type risk sets, or profiles. This approach automatically
relates individuals to each profile via graded membership scores.
FINDINGS: Four extreme pure type risk sets were identified. Set I defined low
intrinsic risk and had a low probability of carrying pro-inflammatory alleles or
APOE epsilon4. Three sufficient risk sets were identified: early onset AD (set
II) was characterized by a high density of pro-inflammatory alleles, a rapid
cognitive decline and independent of APOE epsilon4. Late onset AD had a lower
density (ages 65-74, set III), or a subset homozygous (ages 75+, set IV), for
these alleles and a high probability of one or two APOE epsilon4 alleles. A total
of 97% of the subjects who were cases strongly resembled, i.e. had at least 50%
membership in, the sufficient risk sets, as did 25% of middle aged control
subjects. IL-10, HMGCR, ACT, and IL-1beta gene variants were each more
informative in identifying the risk sets than was APOE.
INTERPRETATION: AD likely has many determinants including APOE polymorphism and
gene variants that modulate innate immunity. Identification of these factors,
risk prediction for individuals, and successful prevention and treatment trials
require integration of relevant information
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Sharing pathogenetic mechanisms between acute myocardial infarction and Alzheimer's disease as shown by partially overlapping of gene variant profiles.
No full textGene variants that promote inflammation and cholesterol metabolism have been associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated a panel of relevant polymorphisms to distinguish genetic backgrounds for AMI and AD: IL10 -1082G/A, IL6 -174G/C, TNF -308G/A, IFNG +874T/A, SERPINA3 -51G/T, HMGCR -911C/A, APOE ε2/3/4 (280 AMI cases, 257 AD cases, and 1307 population controls, all Italian (presumed risk alleles are shown in bold). Six genetic risk sets I to VI were identified by fuzzy latent classification: I had low risk; II and III had low risk before age 65 (II, III); low risk sets lacked pro-inflammatory alleles for HMGCR-TNF-APOE. Pro-inflammatory alleles for SERPINA3-IL10-IFNG were found for high risk sets IV to VI. Set IV 'AMI < age 40, AD < age 65' included risk alleles for HMGCR. Set V 'AMI over a broad range of age' included risk alleles for TNF+IL6. Set VI 'AMI at ages 40 to 55, AD ages 65+' included APOE ε4. Close resemblance to the high risk sets, as indicated by membership scores close to one, defined high relative risks. We conclude that AMI and AD share genetic backgrounds involving cholesterol metabolism and the upregulation of inflammation and that gene-gene interactions in relevant sets of genes may be useful in defining inherited risk for common disorders
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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