172,123 research outputs found
L'éducation pour tous
No full textPeu de rapport gouvernementaux ont provoqué autant de discussions et de controverses que le Rapport Parent. Ce dernier ne visait pas moins que de restructurer de fond en comble le système d'éducation québécois. L'intérêt que suscita la Commission royale d'enquête sur l'enseignement dans la province de Québec, œuvrant entre 1961 et 1966, et la mise en place ultérieure d'une majeure partie de ses recommandations font en sorte que son rapport final, nommé d'après le président de la Commission, Mgr Alphonse-Marie Parent, constitue un des documents fondateurs de la société québécoise contemporaine. Cette anthologie révèle le travail complexe de la Commission et l'actualité de ses convictions même quarante ans après. Un choix judicieux, parmi le 1485 pages et les 576 recommandations de l'original, permet de saisir la nouvelle philosophie de l'éducation dont le souci principal était une démocratisation du système scolaire et universitaire. La Commission recommande non seulement la création de nouvelles institutions devenues depuis part entière de l'éducation québécoise, comme le ministère de l'Éducation ou le cégep, mais elle réclame aussi une uniformisation des droits d'accès à la formation et à l'éducation. Claude Corbo présente le Rapport Parent dans le contexte de l'époque. D'une façon succincte et précise, il retrace dans l'introduction l'arrière-plan du système de l'éducation avant la création de la Commission, sa mise en place ainsi que son fonctionnement et son impact. Les textes choisis, regroupés en 25 chapitres qui sont précédés chacun d'une note explicative, permettent de replonger dans les débats majeurs qui transformeront la société québécoise et dont les répercussions sont encore palpables
Paupertas. La legislazione tardoantica (IV-V sec. d. C.)
No full textIl volume analizza il problema della paupertas nella tarda antichità, con particolare riguardo alla legislazione imperiale dei secoli IV e V d. C.
Il lavoro si articola in tre fasi: due norme costantiniane in favore di genitori indigenti costituiscono il punto di inizio, insieme ad alcune linee di lettura relative ai precedenti in tema di assistenza nel mondo romano (cap. I). L’indagine si sviluppa poi intorno a vari provvedimenti dello stesso Costantino e dei suoi successori, ove si concedono privilegi alla Chiesa in cambio di un suo sempre maggiore impegno in campo sociale e tocca anche l’ambito, di notevole interesse, dell’assistenza sanitaria (cap. II). La ricerca si conclude mettendo in luce, ancora sulla base dei documenti giuridici, l’opera di sostegno agli indigenti spiegata ad ampio raggio dalla Chiesa, sia attraverso la multiforme attività dei vescovi, sia attraverso la fondazione di numerosi enti di beneficenza (cap. III)
Public finance, trade, and development : the Chilean experience
No full textThis paper analyzes the role of public finance and trade policies in the adjustment experience of Chile over the past 15 years. The purpose is to first review the Chilean public sector and trade reforms, and then to examine their role in the economic development of Chile. The paper is divided into six sections. After the Introduction, Section II presents a brief summary of the conditions in 1973 on the eve of the shift in Chilean policy. Section III focuses on the main policy reforms introduced by the military government over the 1973-82 period. Section IV takes a detailed look at Chile's public finance and trade reforms. The effect of the reforms on aggregate incentives and on the macroeconomic adjustment is the subject of Section V. Lastly, Section VI presents the following main conclusions. First, liberalization and stabilization reforms succeeded until late 1978 in slowing down inflation. Second, the reduction of a large public sector deficit required strong action. Third, the elimination of a large public sector deficit is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the control of inflation. Finally, once the macroeconomic mistakes of the late 1970's and early 1980's were corrected, Chile recovered its growth and reduced inflation.Economic Stabilization,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Sector Economics&Finance
Tools and Avenues for Nanotechnology-based Vectors Exploitation for Biomarker Signature and Therapeutical Drug Delivery
No full textNanomedicine main goal is to ameliorate biodistribution and side effects of therapeutics. Proper Micro (MP) and Nanoparticles (NP) can i) protect therapeutic molecules from reticuloendothelial clearance, ii) transport them to the site of action minimizing their influence on normal tissues and iii) enhance drug concentration and effects in target tissues and cells, allowing the use of lower doses. However a single component nanovector cannot accomplish all those duties; therefore, our efforts are focused on the optimization and performance evaluation of multi-component drug-delivering nanosystems, made of silica, silicon, polymers, lipids and proteins from synthetic and biological sources. In recent years, the groups in Naples and in Houston in cooperation have studied many different strategies which permit MP and NP to overcome one or more biological barriers (BB) that hamper the delivery of therapeutics to the desired site of action. The two research groups have produced a series of results which will be briefly summarized in this report and then discussed in greater detail in the talk.
1) Diverse types of Multistage vector (MSV) were produced and used to enhance the delivery of free and encapsulated drugs in cellular and mice models of cancer. MSV is constituted by a silicon mesoporous microparticle which protect nanoparticles or free drugs from reticuloendothelial clearance, superbly marginates toward vessel walls and preferentially accumulates on inflamed endothelium [1-3].
2) A Biomimetic drug delivery platform was produced with a nanoporous silicon core and and a shell derived from the leukocyte cell membrane. This Leukolike vector (LLV) and it’s therapeutic potentialities were extensively investigated in vitro and in vivo, from a biological and biochemical point of view. LLV shows the ability to: 1) evade the immune system; 2) circulate longer in the blood stream; 3) communicate with endothelial cells through receptor–ligand interactions increasing endothelium permeability; 4) transport and release a payload across inflamed endothelium; 5) accumulate in a tumour [4-7].
3) Innovative microfluidic systems were developed to mimick blood capillary circulation, in order to study and to predict the in flow dynamics and the margination tendency of different types of MP, also in presence of blood cells, using real human blood as circulating solution [8].
4) Enzyme-functionalized silica NPs were conceived and produced to digest tumor extracellular matrix, in vitro and in vivo achieving a better penetration in the tumoral tissue [9].
5) pH-responsive hybrid nanoparticles (HNP) were conceived, produced, characterized and successfully used to achieve efficient siRNA delivery in cell culture and in mice models of human breast cancer. HNP are constituted by a shell of cationic hydrogel able to electrostatically bind siRNA and by a supporting nanostructured core of silica that provides mechanical stability to the system. HNP are able to escape from endolysosomal compartment through a proton sponge effect [5,10].
In the light of what has been briefly outlined, the following avenues will be pursued in the near future and will be discussed:
(i) Production and evaluation of different types of MSV for cancer therapy
(ii) Protein and peptide functionalization of NPs to enhance tumor recognition and penetration
(iii) Production and evaluation of different types of NP for siRNA delivery
(iv) Production of Organ-on-chip microfluidic devices able to study and predict the fluidic and biological performance of MP and NP.
(v) Characterization of plasma Protein Corona (PC) [11] of MP and NP by proteomic approaches and correlations between PC composition and targeting of specific tissues.
References
[1] Tasciotti E, Liu X, Bhavane R, Plant K, Leonard AD, Price BK, Cheng MM, Decuzzi P, Tour JM, Robertson F, Ferrari M. Mesoporous silicon particles as a multistage delivery system for imaging and therapeutic applications. Nat Nanotechnol 3, 151-7 (2008).
[2] Martinez JO, Evangelopoulos M, Karun V, Shegog E, Wang JA, Boada C, Liu X, Ferrari M, Tasciotti E. The effect of multistage nanovector targeting of VEGFR2 positive tumor endothelia on cell adhesion and local payload accumulation. Biomaterials 35, 9824-32 (2014).
[3] Martinez JO, Evangelopoulos M, Bhavane R, Acciardo S, Salvatore F, Liu X, Ferrari M, Tasciotti E. Multistage Nanovectors Enhance the Delivery of Free and Encapsulated Drugs. Drug Targets [Epub ahead of print] (2014).
[4] Parodi A, Quattrocchi N, van de Ven AL, Chiappini C, Evangelopoulos M, Martinez JO, Brown BS, Khaled SZ, Yazdi IK, Enzo MV, Isenhart L, Ferrari M, Tasciotti E. Synthetic nanoparticles functionalized with biomimetic leukocyte membranes possess cell-like functions. Nat Nanotechnol 8,61-8 (2013).
[5] Parodi A, Corbo C, Cevenini A, Molinaro R, Palomba R, Pandolfi L, Agostini M, Salvatore F, Tasciotti E. Enabling cytoplasmic delivery and organelle targeting by surface modification of nanocarriers. Nanomedicine UK 10,1923-40 (2015).
[6] Corbo C, Parodi A, Evangelopoulos M, Engler DA, Matsunami RK, Engler AC, Molinaro R, Scaria S, Salvatore F, Tasciotti E. Proteomic profiling of a biomimetic drug delivery platform. Curr Drug Targets [Epub ahead of print] (2014).
[7] Palomba R, Parodi A, Evangelopoulos M, Acciardo S, Corbo C, De Rosa E, Yazdi I, Scaria S, Salvatore F, Tasciotti E. A leukolike vector increase the permeability of tumor vasculature. Submitted.
[8] D'Apolito R, Tomaiuolo G, Taraballi F, Minardi S, Kirui D, Liu X, Cevenini A, Palomba R, Ferrari M, Salvatore F, Tasciotti E, Guido S. Red blood cells affect the margination of microparticles in synthetic microcapillaries and intravital microcirculation as a function of their size and shape. J Control Release [Epub ahead of print] (2015).
[9] Parodi A, Haddix SG, Taghipour N, Scaria S, Taraballi F, Cevenini A, Yazdi IK, Corbo C, Palomba R, Khaled SZ, Martinez JO, Brown BS, Isenhart L, Tasciotti E. Bromelain surface modification increases the diffusion of silica nanoparticles in the tumor extracellular matrix. ACS Nano 8,9874-83 (2014).
[10] Khaled SZ, Cevenini A, Yazdi IK, Parodi A, Evangelopoulos M, Corbo C, Scaria S, Hu Y, Chiappini C, Haddix SG, Corradetti B, Salvatore F, Tasciotti E. One-pot synthesis of pH-responsive hybrid nanogel particles for the intracellular delivery of small interfering RNA. Under review for pubblication in Biomaterials.
[11] Corbo C, Molinaro R, Parodi A, Toldeno Furman NE, Salvatore F, Tasciotti E. The impact of the protein corona on nanoparticles and implications for toxicity, immunotoxicity and target drug delivery. Under review for publication in Nanomedicine UK
Il ruolo della madre nell’affidamento dei figli nell’esperienza giuridica romana
No full textAttraverso l’analisi delle fonti giuridiche in nostro possesso, sia pregiustinianee sia giustinianee, inerenti alla tematica dell’affidamento dei figli in caso di separazione o divorzio dei genitori, si intende descrivere il lento processo di trasformazione della familia romana, con specifica attenzione alla relazione madre-figlio.
Al riguardo, le fonti esaminate attestano il graduale passaggio da una concezione familiare di tipo rigidamente patriarcale, imperniata sulla figura onnicomprensiva del pater familias, a un’idea di famiglia più flessibile e ‘aperta’, che tenga conto del ruolo fondamentale svolto dalla madre, non solo nell’ambito naturale e procreativo, ma anche nel processo educativo dei figli, i quali, in determinate circostanze, possono essere a lei affidati dal giudice, allorquando la separazione dei genitori determini la rottura degli equilibri intrafamiliari, con la conseguente necessità di un intervento del legislatore in grado di garantire la formazione e la crescita della prole, tutelandone esigenze e diritti
Potere politico e infanzia disagiata: dalla Tabula Alimentaria di Veleia alla legislazione tardoantica
No full textLa relazione intende proporre alcune osservazioni inerenti al tema dell’assistenza all’infanzia disagiata in età imperiale, a partire dal programma traianeo che, nella Tabula Alimentaria di Veleia, trova compiuta espressione. L’impianto complessivo della Tabula, nella pluralità delle sue motivazioni ispiratrici, viene messo a confronto con elementi significativi della successiva legislazione tardoantica in materia. Tale comparazione, pur nella comune attenzione alle esigenze dell’infanzia, rivela diverse e peculiari modalità d’intervento da parte dell’autorità politica, che riflettono un assetto culturale e istituzionale profondamente modificato
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