1,721,004 research outputs found
Drawing to remember: external support of older adults' eyewitness performance.
Get PDFAlthough healthy aging is accompanied by a general decline in memory functioning, environmental support at retrieval can improve older adults' (+65 years) episodic remembering. Despite those over the age of 65 years representing a growing proportion of the population, few environmental retrieval support methods have been empirically evaluated for use with older witnesses and victims of crime. Here, the efficacy of a novel retrieval technique, the Sketch Mental Reinstatement of Context, is compared with a standard Mental Reinstatement of Context and a no support control (Control). Fifty-one participants witnessed an unexpected live event, and 48 hours later were interviewed using one of three aforementioned techniques. In line with predictions emanating from cognitive theories of aging and the environmental support hypothesis, participants in the Sketch Mental Reinstatement of Context condition recalled significantly more correct information and fewer inaccurate items. The Sketch Mental Reinstatement of Context technique appears to scaffold memory retrieval in an age-appropriate manner during a post-event interview, possibly by encouraging more effortful retrieval and reducing dual-task load. As such, this procedure offers an effective alternative to current approaches, adding to the toolbox of techniques available to forensic and other interviewers
Mean (SDs in parenthesis) age, MMSE, GDS, questions asked, and interview duration.
No full text<p>Mean (SDs in parenthesis) age, MMSE, GDS, questions asked, and interview duration.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cross Cultural Verbal Cues to Deception in First and Second Language
No full textThe verbal deception literature is largely based upon North American and Western European monolingual English speaker interactions. This paper extends this literature by comparing the verbal behaviors of 88 south Asian bilinguals, conversing in first (Hindi) and second (English) languages, and 48 British monolinguals. All participated in a live event following which they were interviewed having been incentivized to be either deceptive or truthful. Event details, complications, verifiable sources, and plausibility ratings were analyzed as a function of veracity, language and culture. Main effects revealed cross cultural first and second language similarities whereby all liar’s verbal responses were impoverished and rated as less plausible than truthtellers. However, a series of important cross-cultural interactions emerged whereby South Asian truthtellers and liars interviewed in first and second languages exhibited different patterns of verbal behaviors to British liars and truthtellers, potentially to triggering erroneous assessments in practice. Despite limitations, including concerns centered on the reductionary nature of deception research, our results highlight that while cultural context is important, irrespective impoverished, simple verbal accounts should trigger a ‘red flag’ as requiring further attention
Mean (SDs in parenthesis) overall and phase performance across conditions (N = 51).
No full text<p>Mean (SDs in parenthesis) overall and phase performance across conditions (N = 51).</p
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