1,720,978 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Novel approaches in the management of bladder cancer
No full textBackground:
In recent decades, despite survival improvements in the majority of high incidence cancers, survival rates for patients with bladder cancers have remained static. Key challenges in the treatment of bladder cancer are the acquisition of chemotherapy resistance, and progression to lethal muscle- invasive bladder cancer.
Aims:
This thesis aims to explore methods of pharmacological inhibition of chemotherapy resistance, mechanisms of bladder tumour invasion, and gene expression in bladder cancer.
Rationale:
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) overexpression has been associated with chemotherapy resistance in a number of cancers including bladder. Therefore, the utility of the purported specific inhibitor of NRF2, brusatol in the attenuation of cisplatin chemotherapy resistance was investigated.
In bladder cancer, cluster of differentiation-40 (CD40)-ligation with membrane bound CD40-Ligand (CD40L) has been shown to induce marked cell death. However, little is known about the role of CD40-ligation in tumour cell invasion. With CD40 currently under investigation as a putative target for anti-cancer therapy, it was a timely goal of this thesis to understand more about its role in tumour cell invasion.
Until recently, knowledge of gene expression profiles in bladder cancer has been limited. Understanding of gene expression patterns in cancer may allow for enhanced prognostication, identification of potential drug targets and move the management of bladder cancer towards the ideal of personalised medicine.
Methods:
In vitro cytotoxicity assays were employed to determine the effect of brusatol on cisplatin sensitivity. Western blotting was employed to determine the effects of brusatol on proteins downstream of NRF2.
An organotypic model of bladder cancer was used to investigate the effect of CD40-ligation on bladder tumour cell invasion. Non-cleavable membrane bound CD40-ligand delivered by adenoviral vector was used in CD40 expressing cell lines of invasive and non-invasive origin. The effect of CD40-ligation was investigated downstream by western analysis and RNA microarray.
Whole-transcript based microarray analysis was performed on bladder biopsies obtained from 19 patients, and 10 controls. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to identify samples with similar expression profiles. Hypergeometric analysis was used to identify canonical pathways and curated networks with statistically significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes. Samples from a further 6 patients (muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) n = 3, normal tissue n = 3) were tested for osteopontin expression by immunohistochemistry.
Results:
Brusatol increased the sensitivity of bladder cancer cell lines to cisplatin in a dosage and cell line dependent manner. Furthermore, brusatol exhibited marked toxicity as a standalone treatment. However, evidence suggests that brusatol does not act as a specific inhibitor of NRF2.
CD40-ligation with non-cleavable membrane-bound CD40-ligand led to marked cell death in CD40-positive non-muscle invasive cell lines. However, in muscle- invasive CD40-positive cell lines marked inhibition of tumour invasion was also observed. Expression analysis of family with sequence similarity member 83 d (FAM83D), fibronectin (FN1), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and anillin (ANLN) revealed downregulation of FN1, FAM83D, and ANLN, and upregulation of MMP1, with a concurrent upregulation of MMP1 and a paradoxical increase of FN1 in EJ cells, with no change in FN1 and MMP1 expression in RT112 cells.
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Pathways associated with cell cycle and proliferation were markedly upregulated in muscle-invasive and grade 3 cancers. Genes associated with the classical complement pathway were downregulated in non-muscle invasive cancer. Osteopontin was significantly overexpressed in invasive cancer compared to healthy tissue.
Conclusions:
It is unlikely that brusatol is a specific inhibitor of NRF2 however its marked cytotoxicity as a stand-alone agent and potentiating effects in combination with cisplatin are rationale for further investigation.
CD40-ligation attenuates the invasion of MIBC cells in an organotypic model of bladder cancer. However, it is unclear whether the attenuation of invasion is due to the inhibition of invasive pathways, or direct induction of apoptosis. Nevertheless, with the usage of CD40-agnoistic antibodies currently in clinical trials, attenuation of tumour invasion is a promising effect.
Gene expression analysis identifies divergent pathways that may be useful in the stratification of bladder cancers, and the identification of drug targets. Furthermore, this study supports a key role for osteopontin in bladder cancer, which warrants further investigation as a marker prognostic of muscle invasive disease
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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