1,721,059 research outputs found
Bioimmagini
No full textIl ricorso alle immagini è indispensabile in Medicina, per diagnosticare stati patologici, monitorare gli effetti delle terapie e, ancor prima, capire le cause delle malattie. Oggi sono disponibili molte tecniche di immagine. I vari metodi forniscono misure di differenti proprietà fisiche delle strutture: ogni immagine è quindi una rappresentazione parziale della realtà. Alcune tecniche sono in grado di dare informazioni di tipo morfologico con alta definizione (come la DR), altre di tipo funzionale (come la PET o la fMRI). Dopo una presentazione dei fondamenti teorici sulle immagini (caratterizzazione, qualità, trattamento in forma numerica), vengono descritte le più importanti tecniche di generazione di Bioimmagini (con particolare riferimento a quelle tomografiche) e infine introdotti i metodi di visione artificiale per il loro trattamento computerizzato. Questa edizione del libro si propone di fornire un quadro aggiornato che tenga conto della rapida evoluzione delle tecniche di immagini ed è integrata da un CD-ROM con esempi di bioimmagini ottenute con strumentazione moderna
La permeabilità microvascolare nei criceti diabetici non è influenzata dagli antagonisti dei recettori H1-H2 dell’istamina.
No full textLa permeabilità microvascolare nei criceti diabetici non è influenzata dagli antagonisti dei recettori H1-H2 dell’istamina.
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Low carbon intensity routes via ocean currents and waves
No full textThe VISIR ship routing model is augmented with the capability to employ, on top of waves, also ocean currents for optimising vessel routes. A case study for a cargo vessel sailing between the Chesapeake Bay (USA) and Lisbon (Portugal) is considered. The seasonal variability of the route pattern is visualised, with the major ocean boundary current impacting in a specific way, depending on the prevailing sailing direction. In the approximation of CO2 emissions proportional to sailing time, the impact on the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) proposed by the International Maritime Organization is also computed. The seasonal variability of EEOI demonstrates, for a given parametrisation of vessel energy loss in waves, potential savings in the 3-12% range, with respect to navigation along a least-distance route, and in the 1-5% range, with respect to navigation along a least-time route which neglects the role of ocean currents. These figures refer to monthly mean values, while individual routes may exhibit EEOI savings up to 20% and 6%, respectively
Hypoxia- or hyperoxia-induced changes in arteriolar vasomotion in skeletal muscle microcirculation.
No full textEndocrine dysfunction and cognitive impairment
No full textDementia is a highly prevalent chronic disease among the older population, affecting more than 50 million people worldwide and representing a huge healthcare, social and economic burden. dementia, and in particular alzheimer’s disease, prevalence is expected to raise within the next few years. Unfortunately, no disease-modifying therapies are available so far, despite a plethora of clinical trials targeting the hallmarks of alzheimer’s disease. given these premises, it appears crucial to address not only the neuropathological correlates of the disease, but also the modifiable risk factors. Among them, evidence suggest a role of the endocrine system not only in the brain development, but also in the maintenance of its health, having neurotrophic, antioxidant and metabolic functions crucial for the cognitive abilities. This review focuses on the evidence evaluating the impact of the endocrine systems, in particular thyroid function, insulin resistance, parathyroid hormone, vitamin d and sexual hormones on cognitive status. results from epidemiological, preclinical and some clinical studies demonstrated the link between thyroid, parathyroid hormone and vitamin d and cognitive status, between diabetes, and insulin resistance in particular, and dementia, between sexual and adrenal hormones, particularly estrogen variation at menopause, and cognitive decline. The growing interest on the modifiable risks factors of cognitive decline increased the knowledge about the complex interplay of endocrine systems and cognition, highlighting the need and the usefulness of a multidisciplinary approach to the prevention of a complex and devastating disease
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