1,721,614 research outputs found
Making the weather in contemporary jazz: an appreciation of the musical art of Josef Zawinul
No full textJosef Zawinul (1932-2007) holds a rare place in the world of jazz in view of the fact that as a European he forged a long and distinguished musical career in America. Indeed, from a position of relative obscurity when he arrived in New York in 1959, he went on to become one of contemporary jazz’s most prolific and commercially successful composers. The main focus of this dissertation will be Zawinul’s rise to prominence in American jazz during the 1960s and 1970s. In this vital period of his creative life he is associated with a variety of jazz contexts: performing with Julian ‘Cannonball’ Adderley’s band as a hard bop pianist in the early 1960s; developing new approaches as a composer and keyboard player for Adderley’s group during the ‘soul jazz’ period (1966 to 1969); recording independently under his own name (1966 to 1970); collaborating with Miles Davis in the late 1960s and early 1970s; and co-founding the influential contemporary jazz ensemble Weather Report (early 1970s onwards). Most significantly, he was a key figure (both as a performer and composer) in the new electro-acoustic jazz that emerged in the mid-1960s and his unwavering commitment to this hybrid idiom has left a substantial and wide-ranging body of work.Given the impact and scale of Zawinul’s contribution to contemporary jazz in the second half of the twentieth century, it surely prompts the question: why has there been a dearth of scholarly discussion concerning his artistic legacy? With the aim of rectifying this omission, it is hoped that this dissertation will therefore go some way towards bringing long overdue critical engagement with his music. To this end, this study will examine a selection of Zawinul’s mature works and attempt to explicate not only the diverse range of influences (musical and cultural) that were essential to his artistic development but also the nature of his aesthetic eclecticism from which he created an individual compositional language
Book review. Outcome assessment in cancer: measures, methods and applications, edited by Joseph Lipscomb, Carolyn C. Gotay, and Claire Snyder
No full textMultidrug resistance in a urothelial cancer cell line after 1-hour mitomycin C exposure
No full textPurpose: a factor pertinent to the design of cancer chemotherapy is multidrug resistance. Research in this area conventionally involves in vitro models using resistant cell lines generated by continuous low dose drug exposure for many months, unlike the exposure experienced by residual superficial bladder cancer cells during chemotherapy adjuvant to resection. Recently we noted a measure of multidrug resistance induced by 3 short exposures to mitomycin C during 10 weeks. We currently report detectable functional resistance after a single 1-hour insult.Materials and methods: RT112 bladder cancer cells (Catalog No. ACC 418, Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany) were exposed to a range of mitomycin C concentrations for 1 hour. Cells regrew in 3 of 24 cultures at 15.6, 3.91 and 0.98 mg/ml exposure. These cells were subjected to 3 functional tests of cross resistance to epirubicin, including MTT cytotoxicity assay, quantitative accumulation by flow cytometry and nuclear uptake or exclusion by live cell fluorescence microscopy.Results: MTT assay and flow cytometry revealed clear indications of resistance. Intracellular distribution, in which nuclear exclusion indicates resistance, was distinctively resistant in 1 subline and another 2 were equivocal.Conclusions: results indicate that some multidrug resistance potential exists even in a cloned cell line that is capable of surviving 1 short drug exposure and expanding after that insult. The exposures used are consistent with those probably experienced by many superficial transitional cell carcinoma cells during an intravesical chemotherapy application. The result gives added weight to considering multidrug resistance induction in dose scheduling or drug combinations for topical chemotherap
Detection and quantification of thrombomodulin in human semen
No full textThe presence of fibrin degradation products, thrombin-like enzyme, prothrombin fragments, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, plasmin and other active components of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in seminal plasma has been reported. In the present study we investigate the presence of thrombomodulin in human semen. Using an Imubind thrombomodulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (American Diagnostica Inc., Stamford, Connecticut, USA), seminal thrombomodulin levels were measured in 47 semen specimens obtained from subfertile individuals, normally fertile individuals, semen donors as well as vasectomized individuals, and in a further group defined by normality in several parameters derived from the World Health Organization fertility criteria. Conventional semen parameters were analysed in all semen samples. Thrombomodulin is quantifiable in human semen at a concentration lower than that normally found in citrated blood plasma samples. Slightly higher levels were seen for fertile stratifications compared with infertile individuals but without significant difference, given the numbers accrued. A vasectomized group showed the lowest value. In conclusion, our results establish the presence of thrombomodulin in human semen and suggest its production both upstream and downstream from the level of a vasectomy lesion
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Tissue factor and nitric oxide: A controversial relationship! (review)
No full textTissue factor (TF) is the primary physiological initiator of blood coagulation. TF has a high-affinity for factor (F) VII resulting in the formation of (TF:FVII:FVIIa) bimolecular complex which, in the presence of Ca2+, increases the enzymatic activity of FVIIa towards its natural substrates, FIX and FX, generating their active forms FIXa and FXa, respectively. This eventually leads to thrombin generation and a fibrin clot formation. Up-regulation of TF in injured blood vessels and atherosclerotic plaque can lead to undesirable vascular thrombosis. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical synthesized from L-arginine and molecular oxygen by nitric oxide synthases (NOS). NO participates in diverse physiological and pathophysiological process as an intra or extracellular messenger. A relationship between TF and NO has been proposed. Thus, models of TF regulation by NO has been studied in different cells and experimental animal models, but the results have been conflicting. The premise that NO donors can prevent TF expression in vivo has provided the foundation for a broad field of pharmacotherapeutics in vascular medicine. A new class of drugs combining a statin (inhibitors of coenzyme A reductase) with an NO-donating moiety has been described. The resulting drug, nitrostatin, has been suggested to increase the antithrombotic effects of native statin. However, it is questionable if NO release from these drugs had any significant role on TF inhibition. In summary, care must be taken in drawing conclusions about the relationship between NO and TF. Interpretation of NO studies must take several factors into consideration, including NO bioavailability, its half-life and inactivation, as well as the cell type and experimental model use
Expression of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in microparticles and subcellular fractions of normal and malignant prostate cell lines
No full textThe association between cancer and thrombogenesis has been recognized since 1865, and tissue factor (TF) is important at various stages in the natural history of the disease. It is involved in cancer angiogenesis, growth and metastasis. TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI), being the major physiological regulator of the TF-dependent coagulation pathway, is also important in establishing net procoagulant potential. In this study, we determine TF and TFPI levels in three prostate epithelial cell lines, one of normal and two of malignant origin. Cells were grown in standard maintenance conditions and harvested at more than 90% confluence. These were fractionated into cytosol, membrane and nuclei for analysis. Microparticles secreted into the culture medium were also analysed. TF and TFPI levels were determined using an ELISA. TF expression in these cells was also visualized using immunocytochemistry. There was absence of TF and TFPI in nuclei of all cell lines. TF expression was higher in subcellular fractions and microparticles of normal prostate cells than cancer cells. In contrast, levels of TFPI (structurally resembling a secreted, rather than transmembrane protein) in microparticles of normal prostate cells were much lower than tumour cells. In conclusion, the activity of prostate cancer cells themselves is unlikely to be the source of hypercoagulability in patients, but might precipitate chains of events that would produce such an effect
Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI): a role in pre-eclampsia (review)
No full textPre-eclampsia (P-Ec) is a complex multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology reported to occur in about 6% to 8% of all pregnancies throughout the world. This disease is associated with fibrin deposition and occlusive lesions in placental vessels. Pro-thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (pro-TAFI) is a relatively recently described glycoprotein that can be converted into its active form (TAFIa) by thrombin, thrombin–thrombomodulin and plasmin. TAFIa potentially inhibits fibrinolysis by removing C-terminal lysine and arginine residues from fibrin. These residues are required for adsorption of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen to fibrin. Therefore, TAFIa decreases plasmin formation and protects the fibrin clot against lysis. An increased of pro-TAFI/TAFIa levels has been reported in some clinical conditions associated with thrombotic tendency, as type II diabetes mellitus, deep vein thrombosis and symptomatic artery disease. Few studies have investigated pro-TAFI/TAFIa in normal or complicated pregnancy but contrasting results were reported. Understanding the role of pro-TAFI/TAFIa in the pathogenesis of P-Ec can hold great promise for improving P-Ec management. In this context, a large-scale study evaluating plasma TAFI antigen and activity, its synthesis and metabolism in pre-eclamptic women is required. Recently new selective TAFIa inhibitors have been developed. The design of a new therapy to treat and/or prevent P-Ec, based on successful use of TAFIa inhibitors, may have significant clinical ramification
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