1,720,987 research outputs found
Erythromycin Jaundice: Diagnosis by an In Vitro Challenge Test
No full textSummary: Erythromycin jaundice: diagnosis by an in vitro challenge test. A 53‐year‐old housewife who had developed. severe cholestatic hepatitis following the administration of erythromycin estolate therapy two‐and‐a‐half years previously, was studied by an in vitro “challenge” test in which peripheral venous lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of erythromycin estolate, erythromycin stearate and erythromycin base. Evidence of histogenesis was observed in response to erythromycin estolate, but not to erythromycin stearate or erythromycin base. This test thus provided evidence that the patient was “sensitized” to erythromycin estolate without exposing her to the risk of in vivo challenge. Furthermore, in contrast to previous studies, the findings provide evidence that erythromycin estolate jaundice is mediated by immunological mechanisms. Copyrigh
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
HBsAg-induced antigen-specific T and B lymphocyte responses in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers and immune individuals
No full textThis report describes a study of in vitro proliferative and antibody responses to the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) of lymphocytes from chronic HBsAg carriers, subjects with naturally acquired immunity, and responders to the hepatitis B vaccine. Peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes were cultured with a wide range of concentrations of HBsAg (0.025-250 ng/ml). We were unable to detect HBsAg-specific proliferation or antibody synthesis in any of the subject groups studied, despite the use of a range of antigen concentrations, cell ratios and culture periods. The addition of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) or T cell growth factor at either initiation or day 3 of culture enhanced proliferative responses, but in an antigen-independent manner. In contrast to the proliferation observed following the addition of IL-2, the absence of responses to specific antigen suggest there may be low numbers of HBsAg-specific precursors in the peripheral blood
Cell-mediated immunity to liver antigen in toxic liver injury. I. Occurrence and specificity
No full textTo investigate the possible role of cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of liver disease lymphocyte function was studied in CBA mice in which predictable sublethal liver necrosis had been included by the administration of the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl). Non-specific lymphocyte function, as assessed by the response to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was normal in over 90% of the animals. Forty-three per cent of the treated mice demonstrated specific lymphocytes sensitivity to liver antigen preparations. Such specific sensitivity was transient and apparent in only one case for more than 2 weeks after the CCl treatment. The lymphocyte sensitization was not reproduced by the addition of CCl to the lymphocyte cultures. There was no correlation between the severity of the liver disease and the detection of sensitized lymphocytes. Although these data may not be extrapolated directly to human liver disease, they demonstrate that cell-mediated immune reactivity to liver-derived antigens can occur as a result of non-immunological toxic liver injury
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Are the causes and presentation of chronic hepatitis changing? An analysis of 104 cases over 15 years
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
