1,721,004 research outputs found
Relatedness predicts phenotypic plasticity in plants better than weediness
Full text linkBackground: Weedy non-native species have long been predicted to be more phenotypically plastic than native species. Question: Are weedy non-native species more plastic than natives? Organisms: Fourteen perennial plant species: Acer platanoides, Acer saccharum, Bromus inermis, Bromus latiglumis, Celastrus orbiculatus, Celastrus scandens, Elymus repens, Elymus trachycaulus, Plantago major, Plantago rugelii, Rosa multiflora, Rosa palustris, Solanum dulcamara, and Solanum carolinense. Field site: Mesic old-field in Dryden, NY (42°27?49?N, 76°26?40?W). Methods: We grew seven pairs of native and non-native plant congeners in the field and tested their responses to reduced competition and the addition of fertilizer. We measured the plasticity of six traits related to growth and leaf palatability (total length, leaf dry mass, maximum relative growth rate, leaf toughness, trichome density, and specific leaf area). Conclusions: Weedy non-native species did not differ consistently from natives in their phenotypic plasticity. Instead, relatedness was a better predictor of plasticity.Grants from the Andrew Mellon Foundation, Sigma Xi, NSF GRFP to S.C.C. and NSF DEB-0950231 to A.A.A. funded this work
Natural Climate Solutions for Canada
No full textThis dataset includes data assets associated with Drever et al. 2021 Natural Climate Solutions for Canada, Science Advances. Data users should also reference the Supplementary Materials associated with the publication
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Consequences Of Changing Biodiversity For Plants, Insects, And Ecosystems
Full text linkNatural systems are challenged by invasions, extinctions, urbanization, and disturbance. Some species (or genotypes) persist despite these challenges, whereas others are lost. This dissertation asks [1] which species' attributes predict their ability to respond to environmental change, [2] how do changes in the composition of plant communities affect system functioning, and [3] can we use information about how species interact in diverse communities to inform the design of urban systems? Chapter 1 addresses the first question with an examination of plasticity among native and exotic congeners in response to altered competition and fertilization. We found that weedy exotics were not more plastic than natives, but instead that plasticity was more similar within genus. Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 explore how changes in diversity impact natural systems. Species richness is generally increasing due to the introduction of exotic species, and Chapter 2 asks how changes in exotic versus native plant diversity impact plant productivity and arthropod community structure. We found that diverse exotic communities were equally, if not more, productive than native communities and that they recruited an equally abundant and diverse arthropod fauna. However, exotics diminished the relative fruit production of co-occurring native species and recruited fewer arthropod species than natives. Chapter 3 provides the first direct comparison of how changes in genotypic diversity compare to changes in species diversity. We show that increasing either genotypic diversity of common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) or old-field species diversity resulted in nearly equivalent increases in aboveground primary production. Arthropod species richness also increased with both types of plant diversity. Finally, Chapter 4 integrates ecological principles from the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning literature into the design of vegetated rooftops. Most green roof plantings include only one or a few drought-tolerant species. We review the green roof and ecological literature to establish a clear research agenda for creating diverse and dynamic green roof ecosystems
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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