1,720,958 research outputs found
A definitional framework of poisoning crimes
No full textThis chapter proposes an empirically derived definitional framework that can both bring together poisoning crimes for comparison while distinguishing different forms of criminal activity based on three variables indicative of perpetrator intentions and motivations; the specificity of victim targeting, the motivational goal and the precipitating form of violence. Based on their classification on these variables, it presents eight broad forms of poisoning crimes, along with subordinate crimes, which can be used to facilitate comparison and differentiation. The first crime group involves highly specified victims targeted for personal reasons using instrumental violence. Such incidents may occur when a perpetrator attacks an individual known to them for some form of financial—or otherwise instrumental—gain. Assassinations and attempts most frequently involve one victim, although it is possible for attacks to result in multiple casualties. Of each of the groups defined, those involving low specificity victims for political means are perhaps the most difficult to distinguish according to whether they are instrumental or expressive
Dual Deviants: The Balancing Act of Black Graduate Students
Get PDFThe study of deviant behavior was designed to focus on departure from a group’s normative expectations; however, the primary focus of deviance research has been the departure from the dominant group’s norms. What happens when one is stigmatized by the dominant group and their minority group? Making use of interview data, this study investigates the life of black graduate students as they manage two spoiled identities, one in the academic world and the other in the black community. There were three major strategies used to manage their identities: (1) passing and covering via language manipulation; (2) fronting via professionalism and realism; and (3) own and wise via a black niche and mentorship
(Difficult) Dialogues: Embracing Common Ground, Trust, and Growth
Get PDFThis paper seeks to challenge the traditional understanding of difficult dialogues by exploring a more comprehensive and thoughtful examination of the perceived factors that make these conversations onerous. We shift the focus from the traditional difficult dialogue framework to one that emphasizes intentional conversations to develop and foster civil discourse. Reframing difficult dialogues involves deliberately reshaping perceptions and language surrounding these conversations. Educators are crucial in shaping the narrative and setting the tone for constructive engagement. Through intentional language choices and proactive facilitation strategies, educators can create environments that promote openness, respect, and inclusivity, paving the way for more meaningful and impactful dialogues on diversity, equity, and inclusion. By addressing and mitigating the underlying fears and misconceptions, these dialogues can transform into opportunities for growth and understanding. This reframed approach not only enhances the quality of interactions but also contributes to a more cohesive and empathetic community
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Mass incarceration in the 21st century ::realities and reflections /
No full text"This reader presents a comprehensive review of the research on mass incarceration as it relates to causes, impact, and solutions. Assembling contributions from leading experts in a variety of disciplines as well as the voices of directly impacted people, the editors have created a diverse collection of chapters addressing prison, punishment, incarceration, reentry, and reintegration embedded in the context of the ever-evolving discussion around ending mass incarceration. The effects of the exponential prison growth in the United States over more than 50 years have been catastrophic, resulting in disparities that especially plague the poor, communities of color, and women. Mass incarceration is a culmination of policies and practices that benefit the privileged praxis and consequently disproportionally disenfranchise marginalized communities. The ideology affects every stage of the criminal justice system, from policing to release, and this book meets the need to expand the examination beyond departments of corrections to explore the administration behind laws, biased practices, and an unforgiving societal stigma. It deepens comprehension and engagement with concise and accessible readings that offer nuance and provoke thought. The book is ideal as a primary or supplementary textbook for corrections, prisons, or penology courses, as well as courses focused on law, policy, sociology, social work, and social justice. It also will serve as a valuable reference book for any individual searching for knowledge on the past, present, and future of mass incarceration"-
Dispositional Outcomes of Community-Based Learning in a Graduate-Level Consultation Course
Get PDFCommunity-based learning (CBL) is an effective pedagogy to provide meaningful, professionally oriented, graduate-level training while also serving the needs of community partners. The current study examined the experiences of students in a master’s level school psychology program as they engaged in a CBL project focused on the curation of intervention resources for local school districts. The authors employed a thematic narrative analysis of reflection papers, and overarching themes of optimism, awareness, fulfillment, and commitment were identified. The findings suggest that although the CBL strategy used in this experience was mainly transactional, it proved to be transformative for the students, as it led to a change in their dispositions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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