1,721,012 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Distinct iron isotopic signatures and supply from marine sediment dissolution
Full text linkIron (Fe) inputs to the surface ocean may stimulate photosynthesis and have an impact on the uptake of carbon dioxide in the ocean on glacial to inter-glacial timescales of climate change1. Global ocean reservoir-flux models2 indicate that 90% of Fe used by marine phytoplankton in the present day surface ocean is supplied from the deep water below, but the sources of dissolved Fe to this deep water are still poorly constrained. Therefore, quantifying and tracking iron supplied to the ocean will provide key information to resolve climate models and sensitivity to the Fe cycle3, 4.Measurable differences in the isotopic composition of Fe between various sources to the ocean have prompted widespread interest in seawater Fe isotope determintions5, 6, 7, which can potentially be used to track Fe inputs and assess the relative importance of different sources of dissolved Fe to the oceanic reservoir. Microbial sediment respiration supports a major flux of dissolved and isotopically light Fe to the global ocean8, 9, 10, by catalysing the reductive dissolution (RD) of Fe oxyhydroxide minerals during organic matter decomposition11. Reduction of Fe oxyhydroxide enriches soluble Fe(II)(aq) in sediment pore water, which diffuses into bottom water when the oxygenated layer of surface sediment is adequately shallow9, 12, most notably from oxygen-deficient continental margins8, 9, 10. Benthic fluxes of Fe are mixed in bottom waters and can be transported to open ocean and surface waters13, 14, where Fe may control the efficacy of the biological carbon pump15, 16.Dissolved Fe(II)(aq) produced by RD initially has ?56Fe values 0.5–2.0‰ lighter than the original substrates17, and at isotopic equilibrium, experiments show ?56Fe(II)(aq) is ?1.05 to ?3.99‰ relative to the common reactive Fe oxides haematite17, goethite18 and ferrihydrite17, 19, 20. Similar light ?56Fe values (?1.82 to ?3.45‰) have been observed in both the pore waters21, 22, 23 and overlying seawater9, 24 of river-dominated and dysoxic margins, and light Fe isotopic compositions are recorded in ocean basin sediments coeval with past episodes of ocean oxygen deficiency, consistent with seawater transport of light Fe from ferruginous shelf sediments to ocean basins25. Thus, benthic fluxes of isotopically light Fe appear to be distinguishable from other sources of Fe to the ocean, such as atmospheric dust dissolution (?56Fe=+0.13±0.18‰)26 and river discharge (?56Fe=+0.14±0.28‰)27.Paradoxically, however, equatorial Pacific seawater originating from the continental margin of New Guinea contains elevated Fe concentrations with heavy Fe isotopic compositions (?56Fe=+0.37±0.15‰)28. These and other seawater isotope measurements have led to the proposition of an additional ‘non-reductive dissolution’ (NRD) mechanism for Fe28, 29, albeit with existing Fe isotope evidence from continental margin sediments indicating otherwise9, 24. These findings coincide with a growing need to evaluate the geographical variability of benthic Fe fluxes to effectively model carbon cycling in the ocean3, 4, where models presently rely on global extrapolations from potentially unrepresentative regions.Here we characterise the pore water isotopic composition and corresponding flux of dissolved Fe from the Cape margin, South Africa—a semi-arid passive margin derived from deeply weathered saprolite soils and surrounded by oxygenated South Atlantic seawater. These sites are distinct from most previous sites of benthic Fe flux investigation, which have focused on active margins next to areas of rapid uplift with oxygen-deficient shelf waters (Fig. 1). This study reveals that the amount of dissolved Fe released from the Cape margin is less than predicted by benthic Fe flux relationships8 widely used to model ocean Fe–CO2 interaction3, 4. We report solid-phase compositional data that suggests that the small pore water Fe flux reflects geological and hydro-climatic influences on reactive Fe substrate delivery to the shelf. Isotopically heavy Fe present in ‘oxidizing’ pore waters of the Cape margin—a zone previously beyond analytical resolution—provides in situ evidence for the role of ‘NRD’ of Fe proposed by Radic et al.28 These discoveries have implications for past and present oceanic Fe cycles and the parameterization of ocean biogeochemical models
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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